Mental health of the Slovak population during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics and subjective perception of overall and mental health

		Males		Females		Total
		n	%	n	%	n	%
Age categories	15-25 yr	69	9.57	201	25.77	270	17.99
	26-35 yr	174	24.13	139	17.82	313	20.85
	36-45 yr	150	20.80	120	15.38	270	17.99
	46-55 yr	132	18.31	114	14.62	246	16.39
	56-69 yr	138	19.14	118	15.13	256	17.06
	70+ yr	58	8.04	88	11.28	146	9.73
Size of residence (No. of inhabitants)	< 1000	113	15.67	119	15.26	232	15.46
	1000-4999	190	26.35	253	32.44	443	29.51
	5000-19999	109	15.12	133	17.05	242	16.12
	20000-99999	202	28.02	193	24.74	395	26.32
	100000+	107	14.84	82	10.51	189	12.59
Education	Primary	73	10.12	137	17.56	210	13.99
	Secondary without A-level	173	23.99	305	39.10	478	31.85
	Secondary with A-level	349	48.40	175	22.44	524	34.91
	University	126	17.48	163	20.90	289	19.25
Overall health	Excellent	61	8.46	53	6.79	114	7.59
	Very good	158	21.91	200	25.64	358	23.85
	Good	318	44.11	310	39.74	628	41.84
	Fair	143	19.83	164	21.03	307	20.45
	Poor	41	5.69	53	6.79	94	6.26
Mental health	Excellent	95	13.18	65	8.33	160	10.66
	Very good	199	27.60	196	25.13	395	26.32
	Good	311	43.13	328	42.05	639	42.57
	Fair	86	11.93	158	20.26	244	16.26
	Poor	30	4.16	33	4.23	63	4.20
Total		721	100.00	780	100.00	1501	100.00

Table 2 Mean scores of anxiety and depression by age groups and sex

	Anxiety						Depression
	Males		Females		Total		Males		Females		Total
	mean	SD	mean	SD	mean	SD	mean	SD	mean	SD	mean	SD
15-25 yr	5.13	4.47	7.55	5.27	6.93	5.17	6.39	5.70	9.34	6.07	8.59	6.10
26-35 yr	5.40	5.21	6.45	5.18	5.87	5.22	6.64	6.07	7.90	6.14	7.20	6.12
36-45 yr	4.09	4.30	6.42	5.30	5.12	4.90	5.73	5.26	7.30	5.91	6.43	5.60
46-55 yr	4.78	4.49	5.34	4.93	5.04	4.70	6.09	5.21	6.44	5.12	6.25	5.16
56-69 yr	4.09	4.44	4.58	4.45	4.31	4.44	5.03	5.37	5.36	4.91	5.18	5.16
70+ yr	4.60	4.37	5.23	4.90	4.98	4.69	6.29	5.08	6.57	5.79	6.46	5.50
Total	4.67	4.63	6.15	5.14	5.44	4.96	5.99	5.52	7.43	5.87	6.74	5.75

SD: Standard deviation.

Table 3 Association between presence of symptoms of anxiety and/or depression and age, sex, size of residence, and education

		Anxiety		Depression		Anxiety and depression
		OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
Age categories	15-25 yr	1.69b	1.16-2.45	1.65b	1.17-2.34	1.91b	1.29-2.84
	26-35 yr	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
	36-45 yr	0.68	0.44-1.035	0.67a	0.46-0.98	0.64	0.40-1.03
	46-55 yr	0.71	0.46-1.099	0.67a	0.45-0.99	0.67	0.41-1.08
	56-69 yr	0.56a	0.35-0.88	0.46c	0.30-0.70	0.54	0.33-0.89
	70+ yr	0.65	0.38-1.10	0.66	0.41-1.06	0.63	0.35-1-13
Sex (male = ref.)	Females	1.86c	1.42-2.42	1.76c	0.20-0.29	1.72c	1.29-2.29
Size of residence	1000-4999	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
	< 1000	1.19	0.81-1.76	1.17	0.82-1.66	1.15	0.76-1.73
	5000-19999	0.82	0.55-1.24	0.81	0.56-1.17	0.80	0.51-1.24
	20000-99000	1.09	0.78-1.52	0.91	0.66-1.24	0.98	0.68-1-41
	100000+	0.59a	0.36-0.96	0.66	0.44-1.01	0.49a	0.28-0.84
Education	Primary	1.66a	1.08-2.54	1.75b	1.16-2.63	2.01b	1.26-3.20
	Secondary	0.98	0.67-1.43	1132400	0.92-1.86	1.19	0.78-1.82
	Secondary A	0.97	0.67-1.41	42370,00	0.82-1.64	1.12	0.74-1.70
	University	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

Secondary A: Secondary education with A-level.