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©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Clin Cases. Aug 16, 2022; 10(23): 8063-8075
Published online Aug 16, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i23.8063
Published online Aug 16, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i23.8063
Table 1 Predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation
Methods | Parameters | |
Biomarkers | C-reactive protein | |
Fibrinogen | ||
B-type natriuretic peptide | ||
Oxidative stress | ||
Homocysteine and endothelin-1 | ||
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system | ||
ECG parameters | P-wave duration | |
Intra-atrial conduction time | ||
Dispersion of atrial fibrillation cycle lengths | ||
Imaging parameters | Echocardiographic parameters | Left atrial diameter |
Left atrial volume | ||
Mitral inflow patterns | ||
E/e’ index | ||
Left atrial electromechanical conduction time | ||
LA appendage ejectionfraction | ||
Left atrial expansion index | ||
Strain/strain rate | ||
MRI and CT imaging | Pericardial fat | |
Left atrial fibrosis | ||
Ablation-related scarring | ||
Pulmonary vein anatomy |
Table 2 Left atrial strain in the prediction of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation
Ref. | Year (of data acquisition) | Population | Sample size (n) | Technology | Conclusion |
Wen et al[77] (2021) | 2009-2011 | America | 144 | 2D-STE | Patients with recurrence had higher LASct 1-d than that in non-recurrence subjects LASct 1-d post-procedure predicts arrhythmia recurrence at long-term follow-up |
Uziębło-Życzkowska et al[72] (2021) | 2019-2020 | Poland | 172 | 2D-STE | LASr and LASct were all associated with LA increased pressure in AF patients after CA |
Pilichowska-Paszkiet et al[71] (2021) | July 2011 to January 2014 | Poland | 208 | 2D-STE | In patients with PAF, parameters reflecting LA compliance LASr and LAScd are independent and strong predictors of CA outcome |
Koca et al[76] (2020) | follow-up 1 yr | Turkey | 190 | 2D-STE | LA strain in both 2 chambers and 4 chambers, and GALS were significantly lower in patients with AF recurrence. GALS should be included in routine evaluations to determine long-term AF recurrence preoperatively |
Hanaki et al[74] (2020) | January 2013 to December 2016 | Japan | 100 | 2D-STE | In patients with long-standing PeAF, the inability to restore SR and lower LASr after AAD/ECV treatment independently and incrementally predicts the recurrence after CA |
Csécs et al[65] (2020) | Follow-up 3 mo | America | 55 | CMR | Peak longitudinal atrial strain was significant predictor of arrhythmia recurrence and arrhythmia recurrence |
Yan et al[64] (2019) | October 2016 to December 2017 | China | 32 | 2D-STE | The strain rates in the lateral wall base segment, interval middle segment, and middle segment of the lateral wall and GALS were significantly decreased in the patients with AF recurrence |
Chen et al[6] (2019) | May 2015 to June 2016 | China | 40 | 2D-STE | The LA reservoir, conduit and contractile strain in septal segments significantly decreased in the PAF patients with low-voltage zone after CA. Besides, global strain tended to be an independent determinant of LA fibrosis |
Bai et al[78] (2018) | 2013-2014 | China | 87 | 2D-STE | Peak right atrial longitudinal strain, peak LA longitudinal strain, and combined both are important factors associated with AF recurrence following CA in patients with chronic lung diseases |
Parwani et al[62] (2017) | January 2010 to January 2013 | Germany | 102 | 2D-STE | Patients with recurrence of atrial arrhythmias after both the first and the second CA procedure had significantly lowered LA strain than those without recurrence |
Mochizuki et al[39] (2017) | February 2013 to December 2014 | Japan | 42 | 3D-STE | In both the PAF and PeAF populations, patients with recurrence presented with significantly impaired GALS compared with patients without recurrence. LA strain determined by 3D-STE is a novel and better predictor of AF recurrence after CA than that determined by 2D-STE or other known predictors |
Ma et al[57] (2017) | March 2013 to March 2015 | China | 115 | 2D-STE | Patients with recurrence presented with significantly impaired GALS compared with patients without recurrence. In both PAF and PeAF, decreased baseline LA deformation capabilities assessed by 2D-STE can help to identify patients at high risk of AF recurrence after catheter ablation |
Habibi et al[66] (2016) | January 2011 to September 2013 | America | 121 | CMR | LA reservoir function was independently associated with recurrent AF/AT after PVI. Peak LA strain improved prediction of recurrent AT/AF compared to the baseline clinical model |
Gucuk Ipek et al[69] (2016) | 2010-2013 | America | 119 | CMR | Baseline reservoir, conduit, and contractile function of the LA were significantly impaired in patients with incident LA flutter |
Yasuda et al[63](2015) | July 2010 to March 2012 | Japan | 100 | 2D-STE | Patients with AF recurrence had significantly a lower LA global strain and lower LA lateral total strain than those who maintained sinus rhythm. LA global strain could predict AF recurrence after CA |
Montserrat et al[24] (2015) | Follow-up 6 mo | Spain | 83 | 2D-STE | LASr and LASct were significantly lower in the second RFCA patients. LASr independent predictor of arrhythmia suppression after first RFCA and after a second RFCA |
Motoki et al[75] (2014) | June 2008 to May 2010 | Australia | 319 | 2D-STE | Patients with LA total strain < 23.2% showed a higher incidence of AF recurrence. baseline LA total strain was associated with rhythm outcome after catheter ablation |
La Meir et al[59] (2013) | 2007-2011 | Netherlands | 33 | 2D-STE | The peak systolic strain and the peak strain rate were lower in patients with atrial fibrillation than in the controls. It had increased significantly at 3 mo and 12 mo after surgery |
Hammerstingl et al[23] (2012) | 2008-2010 | Germany | 103 | 2D-STE | The assessment of global LA strain with 2D-STE identifies patients with a high risk for AF recurrence after ablation procedures |
Tops et al[60] (2011) | Follow-up 12 mo | Netherlands | 122 | 2D-STE | 63% of the patients exhibited LA reverse remodeling after CA for AF, with a concomitant improvement in LA strain. LA strain at baseline was an independent predictor of LA reverse remodeling |
Mirza et al[79] (2011) | January 2005 to April 2009 | America | 63 | 2D-STE | global and regional systolic and diastolic strains and SR were reduced in patients with recurrent AF. Regional LA lateral wall LS is a preprocedural determinant of AFR in patients undergoing CA, independent of LA enlargement |
Hwang et al[73] (2009) | Follow-up 9 mo | Korea | 40 | 2D- STE | The lower systolic strain of LA was strongly associated with recurrence after catheter ablation |
Schneider et al)[61] (2008) | March 2003 to October 2006 | Germany | 118 | 2D-STE | Patients with higher atrial strain and SR after catheter ablation appear to have a greater likelihood of maintenance of sinus rhythm |
- Citation: Yu ZX, Yang W, Yin WS, Peng KX, Pan YL, Chen WW, Du BB, He YQ, Yang P. Clinical utility of left atrial strain in predicting atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation: An up-to-date review. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10(23): 8063-8075
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v10/i23/8063.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i23.8063