Primary intracranial extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Published and present cases of primary intracranial extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma

Ref.	Gender/ages	Nation	Clinical symptoms	Size of tumor (cm)	Locations of tumor	Dura mater adhersion	Skull involvement	Treatment	Recurrence	Metastasis	Follow-up
Scott et al[6], 1976	M/39	United Kingdom	Headache, nausea, vomit	NA	4th Ventricle	N	N	PR	N	N	13 d
Smith and Davidson[7], 1981	M/12	United States	Headache, nausea, vomit, difficulty ambulating	3.5 × 1.0 × 0.5	Left cerebellum	Y	N	GTR	N	N	13 mo
Salcman et al[8], 1992	F/28	United States	Headache, slow speech, right limb weakness	7.0 × 5.0 × 4.0	Left parafacine region	N	N	GTR	Y	N	10 mo
Sato et al[9], 1993	F/43	Japan	Blurred vision, gait disturbance	NA	Pineal region	Y	N	PR, RT (60 Gy), chemotherapy	Y	Y	36 mo
Chaskis et al[10], 2002	F/17	Spain	Headache, status epilepticus	NA	Right frontal-parietal lobe	Y	N	GTR	Y	N	16 mo
González-Lois et al[11], 2002	M/69	Belgium	Headache, dizzy, behavior change	NA	Right frontal lobe	N	N	GTR	N	N	1 mo
Im et al[12], 2003	M/43	South Korea	Headache, nausea, vomit	2.0	Left parietal lobe	N	N	GTR, RT (59.4 Gy)	N	N	36 mo
Cummings et al[13], 2004	M/63	NA	Hearing loss, gait disturbance	2.4 × 1.8 × 2.4	Right jugular foramen, right CPA	N	NA	GTR	NA	NA	NA
Sorimachi et al[15], 2008	F/37	Japan	Headache, nausea, vomit, upward gaze palsy	NA	Pineal region	N	N	GTR,	Y	N	NA
O'Brien et al[14], 2008	F/26	Ireland	Headache, nausea, seizure	2.5	Left CPA	N	N	STR proton therapy	N	N	12 mo
Arpino et al[16], 2011	F/54	Ukraine	Headache, left ophthalmopegia	NA	Sellar and parasellar area	NA	Y	GTR	NA	NA	12 mo
Dulou et al[17], 2012	F/70	France	Behavior change, difficult in walk	NA	Left frontal lobe	N	N	GTR, preoperative RT (60 Gy)	Y	N	10 mo
Park et al[18], 2012	F/21	South Korea	Headache, right limb weakness, bilateral hearing loss, bilateral vision loss	3.2 × 6.3 × 4.9	Left lateral ventricle	N	N	GTR, RT (60.8 Gy)	NA	NA	6 mo
Qin et al[19], 2017	F/41	China	Headache, vomit	3.0 × 3.0 × 3.0	Left cerebellum	Y	Y	GTR, two stage of RT (56 Gy/50 Gy), chemotherapy	N	N	20 mo
Akakin et al[20], 2018	F/75	United States	Right limb weakness	NA	Left parafacine region	Y	N	GTR	Y	N	2 mo
Present case	M/52	China	Headache, dizzy, nausea	3.4 × 3.0	Left cavernous sinus	Y	N	GTR, RT (45 Gy)	N	N	12 mo

NA: Not available; PR: Partial resection; STR: Subtotal resection; GTR: Gross total resection; N: No; Y: Yes; CPA: Cerebellopontine angle; RT: Radiotherapy.

Table 2 Brain magnetic resonance image features of published and present case

Ref.	T1WI	T2WI	Enhanced MRI or other exams
Scott et al[6], 1976	NA	NA	NA
Smith and Davidson[7], 1981	NA	NA	NA
Salcman et al[8], 1992	Well-defined, hyperintensity	Homogeneous hyperintensity	NA
Sato et al[9], 1993	NA	NA	NA
Chaskis et al[10], 2002	Hypointensity	NA	Heterogeneous enhancement
González-Lois et al[11], 2002	NA	NA	Significantly homogeneous enhancement
Im et al[12], 2003	Unclear-defined, hypointensity	Hyperintensity	Homogeneously well enhanced
Cummings et al[13], 2004	NA	NA	Heterogeneous enhancement
Sorimachi et al[15], 2008	Mixed signal intensity, hyperintensity (hemorrhage)	NA	Heterogeneous enhancement
O'Brien et al[14], 2008	Hypointensity	Hyperintensity	NA
Arpino et al[16], 2011	Hypointensity	Hyperintensity	Heterogeneously peripheral enhancement
Dulou et al[17], 2012	NA	Hyperintensity, peritumor edema	Heterogeneously ring-like enhancement
Park et al[18], 2012	Homogeneous iso-intensity	Heterogeneous hyperintensity, Peritumor edema	Heterogeneously lobulated enhancement
Qin et al[19], 2017	NA	NA	NA
Akakin et al[20], 2018	NA	Heterogeneous hyperintensity	Heterogeneously rim-like enhancement, DWI showed intratumor calcification
Present case	Homogeneous hypointensity	Heterogeneous hyperintensity	Heterogeneously well enhanced

MRI: Magnetic resonance image; T1WI: T1-weighted image; T2WI: T2-weighted image; DWI: Diffused-weighted image; NA: Not available.