Outcomes and complications of open, laparoscopic, and hybrid giant ventral hernia repair

Table 1 Patient characteristics (mean ± SD)

	Open procedure (n = 82)	Laparoscopic procedure (n = 73)	Hybrid procedure (n = 153)	P value
Age (yr)	63.2 ± 16.2	60.8 ± 15.8	62.6 ± 15.5	0.608
Male sex	33 (40.2)	27 (37.0)	56 (36.6)	0.852
BMI (kg/m2)	31.4 ± 5.3	29.5 ± 5.0	30.9 ± 4.8	0.054
Maximum hernia diameter (cm)	13.2 ± 3.6	12.7 ± 3.1	13.4 ± 3.4	0.370
Cerebral or cardiovascular disease	24 (29.2)	18 (24.7)	41 (26.8)	0.810
Diabetes mellitus	22 (26.8)	20 (27.4)	43 (28.1)	0.978
Other diseases related to increased IAP	23 (28. 0)	19 (26.0)	34 (22.2)	0.586
Chronic cough	8	8	8	0.240
Benign prostatic hyperplasia	5	4	10	0.953
Chronic constipation	10	8	16	0.921
Preoperative VAS pain score	0.41 ± 0.89	0.51 ± 0.75	0.62 ± 0.92	0.212

Data are reported as mean ± SD, or n (%). BMI: Body mass index; IAP: Intra-abdominal pressure; VAS: Visual analogue scale.

Table 2 Operative data (mean ± SD)

	Open procedure (n = 82)	Laparoscopic procedure (n = 73)	Hybrid procedure (n = 153)	P value
Recurrence	7 (8.5)	15 (20.5)	2 (1.3)	< 0.001
Re-operated patients	10 (12.2)	18 (24.7)	6 (3.9)	< 0.001
Surgery duration (min)	76.7 ± 23.7	63.6 ± 12.1	113.6 ± 21.8	< 0.001
Estimated blood loss (mL)	28.4 ± 9.6	6.2 ± 3.5	20.9 ± 10.9	< 0.001
Length of hospitalization (d)	13.0 ± 8.7	6.9 ± 16.0	8.9 ± 9.4	0.002
Hospitalization cost, RMB1	33278 ± 18387	45892 ± 29887	43041 ± 17210	< 0.001
Intraoperative intestinal injury	5 (6.1)	3 (4.1)	23 (1.5)	0.015
Postoperative intestinal fistula	2 (2.4)	5 (6.8)	5 (3.3)	0.312
Postoperative intestinal fistula/intraoperative intestinal injury	0.4	1.7	0.2	0.046
Seroma	5 (6.1)	24 (32.8)	4 (2.6)	< 0.001
Surgical site infection	6 (7.3)	1 (1.4)	8 (5.2)	0.220
Chronic pain	6 (7.3)	1 (1.4)	3 (2.0)	0.051
Perioperative mortality	3 (3.7)	2 (2.7)	3 (2.0)	0.735
Postoperative complications	14 (17.1)	44 (60.3)	11 (7.2)	< 0.001
1 complication	5 (6.1)	40 (54.8)	2 (1.3)
2 complications	4 (4.9)	4 (5.5)	5 (3.3)
3 complications	4 (4.9)	0 (0.0)	3 (2.0)
4 complications	1 (1.2)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.7)

¹One United States dollar is approximately 6.24 RMB. Data are reported as mean ± SD, or n (%).