Minimally invasive open reduction of greater tuberosity fractures by a modified suture bridge procedure

Table 1 Patient demographic data

Patient	Sex	Age	BMI	Complication				Other fractures	Cause of injury	Side	Time between injury and surgery
				HBP	DM	CHD	Other
1	F	63	22.86	No	No	No	COPD	No	Fall	R	1
2	F	52	27.66	No	No	No	No	No	Fall	L	2
3	F	62	20.57	Yes	Yes	No	No	Right clavicle fracture	Crash	R	2
4	M	25	23.62	No	No	No	No	No	Traffic accident	L	2
5	M	50	22.65	No	No	Yes	CVA	No	Crash	L	1
6	M	44	20.33	Yes	No	No	No	No	Fall	L	2
7	M	49	23.95	No	No	No	No	No	Fall	R	2
8	F	28	22.87	No	No	No	No	No	Fall	R	2
9	F	30	25.69	No	No	No	No	No	Fall	R	2
10	F	46	21.61	No	No	No	No	No	Fall	L	2
11	M	53	23.69	No	Yes	No	No	No	Traffic accident	R	2
12	M	20	26.33	No	No	No	No	Left tibia and fibula fracture	Traffic accident	L	2
13	F	30	28.57	No	No	No	No	No	Crash	R	2
14	F	65	21.50	No	No	No	No	No	Traffic accident	R	1
15	M	41	28.78	No	No	No	HCV	No	Fall	R	2
16	F	61	29.33	Yes	No	No	No	Left radius fracture	Fall	R	1

BMI: Body mass index; CHD: Coronary heart disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA: Cough variant asthma; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HBP: High blood pressure; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 2 Bone fragments, displacement, and intraoperative data

Patients	Height of the fragments (mm)	Width of the fragments (mm)	Displacement (mm)	Operative time (h)	Bleeding volume (mL)	Length of stay (d)
1	15	25	10	2	100	4
2	20	19	15	1	50	4
3	30	8	5	1.5	50	4
4	10	26	20	1.5	30	6
5	33	8	30	1.5	30	5
6	25	10	16	3	30	4
7	17	19	20	1	50	5
8	33	9	15	2.5	100	6
9	26	15	30	2	50	6
10	30	10	26	2	30	5
11	19	22	30	2	50	4
12	20	24	8	2	100	4
13	28	15	25	2	50	6
14	16	23	14	1.5	30	5
15	12	26	24	1	50	7
16	29	12	28	1.5	30	4

Table 3 Postoperative outcomes

		Postoperative
Outcome	Preoperative	3 wk	6 wk	3 mo	6 mo	12 mo
VAS	6.19 ± 0.21	5.19 ± 0.21a	3.81 ± 0.16a	2.38 ± 0.20a	1.0 ± 0.20a	0.63 ± 0.22a
Forward elevation (degree)	65.63 ± 1.82	71.88 ± 2.41a	77.81 ± 2.12a	95.31 ± 1.91a	116.3 ± 2.07a	138.1 ± 2.23a
External rotation (degree)	8.13 ± 1.36	9.38 ± 1.93	10.94 ± 2.1	15 ± 2.19a	27.81 ± 2.28a	33.44 ± 2.53a
Abduction (degree)	48.13 ± 2.09	50.63 ± 2.66	56.88 ± 3.38a	82.5 ± 3.10a	108.8 ± 3.52a	138.8 ± 2.72a
Internal rotation	17.56 ± 0.16	17.44 ± 0.16	17.19 ± 0.16	16.81 ± 0.21a	15.19 ± 0.23a	13.31 ± 0.25a
ASES	38.69 ± 2.03	40.13 ± 2.05	43.56 ± 1.93a	58.69 ± 1.82a	74.44 ± 1.98a	89.81 ± 1.69a
UCLA	9.94 ± 0.52	10.19 ± 0.65	11.5 ± 0.44a	14.69 ± 0.51a	22.25 ± 0.64a	29.75 ± 0.90a

^aP < 0.05 preoperative vs postoperative.

ASES: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score; UCLA: University of California Los Angeles score; VAS: Visual analog scale.