Ultrasound guiding the rapid diagnosis and treatment of perioperative pneumothorax: A case report

Figure 1 Preoperative computed tomography showing the absence of hemothorax or pneumothorax.

Figure 2 Chest computed tomography and ultrasound. A: Computed tomography of pneumothorax. Position 1: Pneumothorax; Position 2: Boundary of pneumothorax (lung point); Position 3: No pneumothorax; B: Parallel lines sign with the sonography probe at position 1; C: Lung point sign with the sonography probe at position 2; D: Beach sign with the sonography probe at position 3. White arrows indicate the pleura.

Figure 3 BLUE points recommended for rapid diagnosis or exclusion of perioperative pneumothorax. A: The upper BLUE point is at the third and fourth metacarpophalangeal joints of the upper hand; B: The lower BLUE point is at the center of the lower palm; C: The black line indicates the clavicle; M: The black line indicates the medial sternal line.