Novel model combining contrast-enhanced ultrasound with serology predicts hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after hepatectomy

Figure 1 Flow program for patient inclusion. CEUS: Contrasted-enhanced ultrasound.

Figure 2 Official ACR algorithmic display for contrasted-enhanced ultrasound model and liver imaging reporting and data system. ¹Arterial phase hyperenhancement: Whole or in part, no rim or peripheral discontinuous globular enhancement. ²Late in onset (≥ 60 s) and mild in degree: Whole or in part, with no part showing early or marked washout. ³Early onset washout (< 60 s) and/or marked (punched out) appearance and/or arterial phase rim enhancement. CEUS: Contrasted-enhanced ultrasound; LI-RADS: Liver imaging reporting and data system; US: Ultrasound; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Figure 3 Prediction error of contrasted-enhanced ultrasound model and liver imaging reporting and data system, alpha-fetoprotein, and diameter. AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; LIRADS: Liver imaging reporting and data system; CEUS: Contrasted-enhanced ultrasound.

Figure 4 Nomogram structure based on liver imaging reporting and data system, alpha-fetoprotein, and tumor diameter. LIRADS: Liver imaging reporting and data system; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; RFS: Relapse free survival.

Figure 5 Kaplan–Meier curves for survival at 6 mo (A), 12 mo (B), and 24 mo (C). RFS: Relapse free survival.

Figure 6 Calibrated curves for recurrence at 6 mo (A), 12 mo (B), and 24 mo (C). CEUS: Contrasted-enhanced ultrasound.