Successful upgrade to cardiac resynchronization therapy for cardiac implantation-associated left subclavian vein occlusion: A case report

Figure 1 Venogram showing complete occlusion of the left subclavian vein.

Figure 2 Cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker procedure. A: Proximally cut lead portions and a Radifocus guidewire tip were fixed with a suture, and the rest of the wire was covered by a Finecross catheter; B: The atrial lead tip captured in a goose-neck snare was positioned in the right atrium; C: The atrial lead was placed in the 8 French femoral vein sheath and removed from the right femoral vein; D: The balloon was dilated across the occlusion in the left subclavian vein; E and F: Intra-procedure fluoroscopy showed the location of the lead of the cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker.