Patients with cirrhosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: Current evidence and future perspectives

Figure 1 Putative mechanisms of coronavirus disease-2019-related liver injury in the normal liver and the cirrhotic liver. Compared with a normal liver, a cirrhotic liver is more vulnerable to direct injury by the virus because of the widespread ACE2 expression; increased cytokine levels and immune response; similar extent of drug-induced liver injury; more prominent pre-existing liver disease activation; and more severe hypoxic hepatitis. The arrow represents the magnitude of each effect on the liver. The image of SARS-CoV-2 was adapted from an image created by Desiree Ho for the Innovative Genomics Institute. Available from: https://innovativegenomics.org/free-covid-19-illustrations/.