Anesthetic management of a child with double outlet right ventricle and severe polycythemia: A case report

Figure 1 Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography showed a double outlet right ventricle and pulmonary artery stenosis. RA: Right atrium; RV: Right ventricle; TV: Tricuspid valve; Ao: Aorta; PA: Pulmonary artery.

Figure 2 Chest radiography demonstrated an abnormal cardiac morphology.

Figure 3 Chest computed tomography. A-C: Both the aorta and pulmonary artery were connected to the right ventricle, and the aorta was anterior to the pulmonary artery; D-F: Significant right ventricular enlargement, atrial septal defect (width, 1.4 cm), and ventricular septal defect (width, 1.7 cm).

Figure 4 Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram. A: Ventricular septal defect was evident; B: Both the aorta and the pulmonary artery evolved from the right ventricle, with significant pulmonary artery stenosis. LA: Left atrium; LV: Left ventricle; RA: Right atrium; RV: Right ventricle; Ao: Aorta; PA: Pulmonary artery; VSD: Ventricular septal defect.