Three-dimensional-printed custom-made patellar endoprosthesis for recurrent giant cell tumor of the patella: A case report and review of the literature

Figure 1 Preoperative radiographic results. A: Conventional radiology, anterior posterior and lateral planes; B: Computed tomography scan, axial plane; C: Magnetic resonance imaging, axial T2; D: Bone scintigraphy.

Figure 2 Pathological results. A: Pathological specimen of the patella showed spindle-shaped mononuclear cells with osteoclastic giant cells (hematoxylin-eosin, × 200); B: Immunohistochemical expression of phosphoglucomutase 1 in tumor cells (× 200).

Figure 3 Postoperative radiographic results. A: Conventional radiology, anterior posterior and lateral planes; B: Active flexion arc was 0°-120° without extension lag; C: Patellar axial radiography in maximum knee flexion (120°); D: Patella height.

Figure 4 Design detail and prosthesis image. A: Prosthetic design in software; B: Prosthetic profile.

Figure 5 Specimen photos and intraoperative image. A: Total patellectomy; B: Soft tissue reconstruction.