Congenital bronchobiliary fistula: A case report and review of the literature

Figure 1 Computed tomography images. A and B: Computed tomography (CT) scan and tracheoesophageal reconstruction; the arrow indicates the abnormal connection between the right bronchus and biliary tract. C: CT scan; the white arrow indicates gas in the biliary tract.

Figure 2 Contrast study via a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The contrast dye can be seen in the fistula, biliary tract, and duodenum, and the white arrow indicates the fistula.

Figure 3 Intraoperative cholangiogram showing the connection between the biliary tract and right bronchus and patent distal bile duct; the white arrow indicates the biliary tract.

Figure 4 Methylene blue was injected into the gallbladder, and it flowed out from the puncture site; the white arrow indicates the puncture site.

Figure 5 A microscopic examination performed separately for three parts of the removed fistula. A: The red arrow indicates the lumen that was partly covered by pseudo-ciliated columnar epithelium. The blue arrow indicates the cartilage rings that lay beneath the mucosa; B: The arrow indicates the clusters of bronchial glands at the end of the bronchus; C: The arrow indicates the glandular epithelia of the bile duct and interstitial cholestasis.