Characteristics of clear cell renal cell carcinoma metastases to the thyroid gland: A systematic review

Figure 1 Systematic review design according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis criteria.

Figure 2 Age distribution among patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and thyroid metastases.

Figure 3 Association of thyroid metastatic lesion size with lag time from clear cell renal cell carcinoma diagnosis to diagnosis of thyroid metastasis (r = 0. 143, P = 0.1).

Figure 4 Mean tumor size in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients with thyroid metastases depending on their presenting symptoms.

Figure 5 Diagnostic modality used for the diagnosis of thyroid metastasis in the studied population. US: Ultrasound; CT: Computed tomography; PET: Positron emission tomography scan; FNA: Fine needle aspiration.

Figure 6 Treatment modalities used for thyroid metastases in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients in the studies population. Systemic therapy included Interferon-a, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, alkylating agent (capacitance), interlukin-2, unidentified chemotherapy.

Figure 7 Illustrates immunohistochemical stains for thyroid transcription factor-1 and thyroglobulin in a case of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with thyroid metastases. A: Immunohistochemically stain showing positive thyroglobulin on right side coinciding with normal thyroid architecture and negative on the left; B: Immunohistochemically stain for thyroid transcription factor-1 which is positive on the right correlating with normal thyroid architecture and negative on the left where the metastatic renal cell carcinoma is present (Magnification x 100).

Figure 8 Hematoxylin-eosin staining showing benign thyroid tissue architecture (left) and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (right), (Magnification x 100).