Summary of the current guidelines for managing iatrogenic colorectal perforations and the evolving role of endoluminal vacuum therapy

Figure 1 Sites, mechanisms, and risk factors of iatrogenic colonic perforation. The figure also includes the items that need to be reported in cases of colonic perforations and the main lines of treatment lines. APC: Argon plasma coagulation; CRP: C-reactive protein; EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; TLC: Total leucocytic count.

Figure 2 Perforation of the sigmoid colon. A: Large sigmoid colon perforation caused by blunt trauma of the scope; B: An attempt to close the perforation using through the scope clips.

Figure 3 Proposed management algorithm for iatrogenic colorectal perforations based on the current guidelines. CRP: C-reactive protein; EndoVAC: Endolumical vacuum therapy; ICP: Iatrogenic colorectal perforations; NPO: Nothing by mouth; TTSC: Over the scope clips; TTSC: Through the scope clips; WBC: White blood cells.