Challenging anticoagulation therapy for multiple primary malignant tumors combined with thrombosis: A case report and review of literature

Figure 1 Contrast examination. A: Imaging via the left femoral vein. Contrast return into the inferior vena cava is obstructed. A filling defect (thrombus) is seen in the external iliac vein, the common iliac vein is thinned by compression, and the left lumbar ascending vein is visualized; B: Angiography after balloon dilation of the left common iliac vein; C: Post-balloon dilatation angioplasty imaging of the left common iliac vein. The contrast is seen to drain back into the inferior vena cava, but the common iliac vein is still markedly compressed. The external iliac vein and femoral vein are filled with defects (thrombi); D: Imaging after left common iliac vein-femoral vein stenting, with contrast converging into the inferior vena cava patently.