Efficacy and safety of Xileisan combined with mesalazine for ulcerative colitis: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Figure 1 Literature screening flowchart.

Figure 2 Risk of bias summary.

Figure 3 The results of meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis for clinical efficacy rate. The Z-value curve crossed the boundary value in the second study, indicating that the meta-analysis results of clinical efficacy rate are conclusive. M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RIS: Required information size.

Figure 4 The results of meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis for mucosal improvement rate. The Z-value curve crossed the boundary value in the second study, indicating that the meta-analysis results of mucosal improvement rate are conclusive. M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RIS: Required information size.

Figure 5 The results of meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis for duration of syndromes. A: Duration of abdominal pain; B: Duration of diarrhea; C: Duration of hematochezia. The three Z-value curves all crossed the boundary value in the first study, indicating that the meta-analysis results of duration of abdominal pain, duration of diarrhea, and duration of hematochezia are conclusive. IV: Inverse variance; SD: Standard deviation; RIS: Required information size.

Figure 6 The results of meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis for inflammatory factors. The two Z-value curves all crossed the boundary value in the second study, indicating that the meta-analysis results of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6 are conclusive. A: TNF-α; B: IL-6. IV: Inverse variance; SD: Standard deviation; RIS: Required information size.

Figure 7 Publication bias assessment.