Ultrasound blood flow characteristics changes in fetal umbilical artery thrombosis: A retrospective analysis

Figure 1 Ultrasonic imaging of the described case. A: Ultrasound image of the fetus at 24⁺¹ wk; B: Ultrasound image of the fetus at 30⁺⁴ wk; C: Ultrasound image of the fetus at 30⁺⁶ wk. The orange arrows indicate umbilical artery blood flow.

Figure 2 Pathological findings of umbilical artery thrombosis compared with normal umbilical artery. A: Gross appearance of the umbilical cord; B: Pathological examination of the umbilical cord stained by hematoxylin and eosin.

Figure 3 Coagulation data in control normal women (n = 30), pregnant women (n = 17) and pregnant women with umbilical artery thrombosis (n = 17). A: Comparison of International Normalized Ratio among normal women (control), pregnant women (normal), and pregnant women with umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT) groups. B: Comparison of Prothrombin Time (s) among control, normal and UAT groups. C: Comparison of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (s) among control, normal and UAT groups. D: Comparison of Thrombin Time (s) among control, normal and UAT groups. E: Comparison of Fibrinogen (g/L) among control, normal and UAT groups. The P-values indicates significant differences.

Figure 4 Statistical analysis of umbilical artery blood flow ultrasound indices of patients with umbilical artery thrombosis (n = 19) vs non-umbilical artery thrombosis women (n = 19). A: Second trimester vs third trimester; B: Umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT) patients vs non-UAT women. UAT: Umbilical artery thrombosis; S/D: Systolic-diastolic duration ratio; RI: Resistance index; PI: Pulsatility index; PSV: Peak systolic velocity.