Conversion therapy of a giant hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombus and inferior vena cava thrombus: A case report and review of literature

Figure 1 Radiological assessment of primary nodule at diagnosis. A: Primary tumor; B: Portal vein tumor thrombus; C: Inferior vena cava thrombosis.

Figure 2 Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II and alpha fetoprotein level during treatment. PIVKA-II: Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein.

Figure 3 Tumor changes during treatment. A: April 24, 2022; B: July 28, 2022; C: September 15, 2022; D: November 16, 2022.

Figure 4 Tumour tissue removed by surgery.

Figure 5 Radiological assessment after surgery. A: Abdominal computed tomography (CT); B: Abdominal CT.

Figure 6 Treatment profile. TACE: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.