Causal relationships between gut microbiota and dementia: A two-sample, bidirectional, Mendelian randomization study

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the bidirectional Mendelian randomization study on the causal relationship between gut microbiota and dementia. GWAS: Genome-wide association study; IVs: Instrumental variables; MR: Mendelian randomization.

Figure 2 Forest plot depicting the causal relationships. A: Forest plot depicting the causal relationships between gut microbiota and dementia in Alzheimer’s disease: Assessing the impact of gut microbiota on dementia in Alzheimer’s disease; B: Forest plot depicting the causal relationships between gut microbiota and vascular dementia: Assessing the impact of gut microbiota on vascular dementia; C: Forest plot depicting the causal relationships between gut microbiota and dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere: Assessing the impact of gut microbiota on dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere. SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; MR: Mendelian randomization.