Sex dimorphism and metabolic profiles in management of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease

Figure 1 Effects of androgens and estrogens in liver metabolism. (+) means higher concentration and (–) less concentrations of specific sex hormone. (↑) means an increase and (↓) a decrease in a specific hepatic function. DNL: De novo lipogenesis.

Figure 2 The use of metabolomics in the context of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and sex hormones. Liver metabolism is affected by sex hormone levels. It has been seen that, in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) disease, there is a decrease in androgens and estrogens which influences liver metabolism. Metabolomics allows the measurement and study of metabolites in a biological sample (liver tissue, blood, urine, faeces, etc.). The application of metabolomics to men and women at different stages of the disease would provide great information for the search of biomarkers and the study of MAFLD.