Persistent left superior vena cava in right hemiarch replacement under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest: A case report

Figure 1 Aortic arch aneurysm with a maximum diameter of 68 mm.

Figure 2 Preoperative spiral computed tomography showing azygos vein reflux to the persistent left superior vena cava. PLSVC: Persistent left superior vena cava.

Figure 3 Aortic arch aneurysm. The arrows indicates the bilateral superior vena cava. PLSVC: Persistent left superior vena cava; RSVC: Right superior vena cava.

Figure 4 Intraoperative photograph. The arrow indicates the persistent left superior vena cava. PLSVC: Persistent left superior vena cava.

Figure 5 Schematic diagram showing an intravenous cannula inserted into the persistent left superior vena cava. Schematic diagram of the “bilateral superior vena cava retrograde cerebral perfusion” is shown. PLSVC: Persistent left superior vena cava; RSVC: Right superior vena cava. RCP: Retrograde cerebral perfusion.