Prevention, diagnostic evaluation, management and prognostic implications of liver disease in critically ill patients with COVID-19

Figure 1 Proposed approach to liver disease in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Apart from general rules regarding all patients, special measures can help clinicians identify and confront liver disease in severely ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019. ALI: Acute liver injury; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; APRI: Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; ICU: Intensive care unit; LFTs: Liver function tests; NFS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score; POCUS: Point-of-care ultrasonography; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid.