Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: An overview of obstacles and opportunities

Figure 1 Mechanism underlying hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells homing and engraftment. Numerous adhesion molecules and chemokines are involved in the regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) homing and engraftment. The interaction between recipient bone marrow stromal cells and donor HSPCs contributes to HSPC homing and engraftment. In addition, donor HSPCs improve the metabolism of recipient bone marrow stromal cells via mitochondrial transfer, accelerating the recovery of damaged bone marrow stromal cells. Ca²⁺: Calcium; CXCR4: C-X-C chemokine receptor 4; ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1; LFA-1: Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1; MMP-2: Matrix metalloproteinase 2; MMP-9: Matrix metalloproteinase 9; Opn: Osteopontin; SCF: Stem cell factor; SDF-1: Stromal derived factor-1; TPO: Thrombopoietin; VCAM-1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; VLA-4: Very late antigen 4.