Importance of the creation of a short musculofascial tunnel in peritoneal dialysis catheter placement

Figure 1 A schematic presentation of the “no-tunnel” (left) vs the modified “tunnel” methods (right) for catheter implantation.

Figure 2 Comparison of catheter angle and migration. A: Shows the catheter direction on a plain radiograph (upper) and catheter angle deviation (lower). The absolute value of the angle was significantly greater in the no-tunnel group than in the tunnel group (lower, ^cP = 0.0002 by unpaired t-test); B: The maximal difference in catheter angle. The tunnel group had a smaller range of catheter migration (^dP < 0.0001).

Figure 3 Comparison of catheter survival. A: Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted for overall catheter survival; B: Functional catheter survival rates.