Dan Bai Xiao Formula combined with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide for pediatric lupus nephritis: A pilot prospective study

Figure 1 Recruitment of patients, treatment assignment, and outcomes. TCM group: The combination of glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, and Dan Bai Xiao Formula. Control group: Glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide. TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine.

Figure 2 Comparison of complete remission between the two groups at week 24. A and B: Number of patients with complete remission and partial remission in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and control groups at 24 wk; C and D: Total remission (complete and partial response) and treatment failure in the TCM and control groups at 24 wk. TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine.

Figure 3 Comparison of dosage of glucocorticoids between the two groups. A and B: Dosage of glucocorticoids in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and control groups at baseline and 24 wk. Unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used as appropriate. A P value of < 0.05 was considered significant; C and D: Number of patients with dosage of glucocorticoids halved in the TCM and control groups at 16 and 24 wk. Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were used as appropriate. A P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine.

Figure 4 Comparison of number of methylprednisolone pulses between the two groups. Unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used as appropriate. A P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine.