Anemia in cirrhosis: An underestimated entity

Figure 1 Vicious cycle of portal hypertension and anemia in chronic liver disease. HVPG: Hepatic venous pressure gradient; MELD: Model foe end stage liver disease; CTP: Child Turcotte Pugh score.

Figure 2 Pathophysiology of anemia and role of hepcidin. Fe²⁺: Ferrous iron; Fe³⁺: Ferric iron; Dyctb: Duodenal cytochrome B; DMT-1: Divalentmetaltransporter-1; FPN: Ferroportin; Tf: Transferrin; Tfr: Transferrin receptor; IL6: Interleukin 6; IL6r: Interleukin 6 receptor; STAT-3: Signaltransducer and activator of transcription proteins 3; HFE: Human homeostatic iron regulator; HIF: Hypoxia inducible factor.

Figure 3 Management of anemia in cirrhosis.