Sequential multidisciplinary minimally invasive therapeutic strategy for heart failure caused by four diseases: A case report

Figure 1 Patent ductus arteriosus assessment by transthoracic echocardiography. A: A 5.1-mm patent ductus arteriosus before occlusion (arrow); B: No residual shunt 2 years after occlusion (arrow).

Figure 2 Mitral valve assessment by transthoracic echocardiography. A and B: Echocardiography before surgery showed mitral anterior leaflet prolapse with severe eccentric regurgitation; C and D: Two years after surgery, echocardiography showed mild mitral regurgitation.

Figure 3 Electrocardiogram. A: Baseline; B: Postsurgery.

Figure 4 Transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus occlusion. A: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the catheterization (arrow); B and C: complete closure of PDA during catheterization and the PDA occluder (arrow).

Figure 5 Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. A: Left atrial appendage assessment; B: Left atrial appendage occlusion; C: Severe eccentric mitral regurgitation before chordal replacement; D: Decreased mitral regurgitation after chordal replacement.