Outcomes and complications of open, laparoscopic, and hybrid giant ventral hernia repair

Figure 1 The surgical process. A: The hernia defect was dissected 5 cm beyond the exterior margin of the inner defect; B: A targeted fusiform incision (usually 4–8 cm long and 1–3 cm wide) was made at the weakest point of the hernia sac along the original incision line; C: A low-pressure (8–10 mmHg) pneumoperitoneum was reestablished, and the mesh was laparoscopically fixed with spiral tacks; D: The skin was closed with staples or a continuous 4-0 absorbable suture.

Figure 2 A flow diagram of patient inclusion.

Figure 3 This finding was significantly lower than that in the laparoscopic (12. 3%) or open groups (8.5%; P < 0.05).