Ageing significantly contributes to osteoarthritis (OA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) pathogenesis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to identify ageing-related biomarkers in OA patients with MetS. OA and MetS datasets and ageing-related genes (ARGs) were retrieved from public databases. The limma package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) screened gene modules, and machine learning algorithms, such as random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), generalised linear model (GLM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB), were employed. The nomogram and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assess the diagnostic value, and CIBERSORT analysed immune cell infiltration. We identified 20 intersecting genes among DEGs of OA, key module genes of MetS, and ARGs. By comparing the accuracy of the four machine learning models for disease prediction, the SVM model, which includes CEBPB, PTEN, ARPC1B, PIK3R1, and CDC42, was selected. These hub ARGs not only demonstrated strong diagnostic values based on nomogram data but also exhibited a significant correlation with immune cell infiltration. Building on these findings, we have identified five hub ARGs that are associated with immune cell infiltration and have constructed a nomogram aimed at early diagnosing OA patients with MetS.

It is well recognized that type II Diabetes (T2D) and overweight/obesity are established risk factors for stroke, worsening also their consequences. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these disorders aggravate outcomes are not yet clear limiting the therapeutic opportunities. To fill this gap, we characterized, for the first time, the effects of T2D and obesity on the brain repair mechanisms occurring 7 days after stroke, notably glial scarring. In the present study, by performing a 30-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on db/db (obese diabetics mice) and db/+ (controls) mice, we demonstrated that obese and diabetic mice displayed larger lesions (i.e. increased infarct volume, ischemic core, apoptotic cell number) and worsened neurological outcomes compared to their control littermates. We then investigated the formation of the glial scar in control and db/db mice 7 days post-stroke. Our observations argue in favor of a stronger and more persistent activation of astrocytes and microglia in db/db mice. Furthermore, an increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) was observed in db/db vs control mice (i.e. chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and collagen type IV). Consequently, we demonstrated for the first time that the db/db status is associated with increased astrocytic and microglial activation 7 days after stroke and resulted in higher deposition of ECM within the damaged area. Interestingly, the injury-induced neurogenesis appeared stronger in db/db as shown by the labeling of migrating neuroblast. This increase appeared correlated to the larger size of lesion. It nevertheless raises the question of the functional integration of the new neurons in db/db mice given the observed dense ECM, known to be repulsive for neuronal migration. Carefully limiting glial scar formation after stroke represents a promising area of research for reducing neuronal loss and limiting disability in diabetic/obese patients.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifaceted disease associated with heart failure (HF), which affects the vascular system. The endothelin (ET) system is a key player in MetS and HF; therefore, targets for ET receptors are of therapeutic interest.

This study sought to evaluate the effects of macitentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), in a rat model of MetS-induced heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

We assessed in 12-week-old Zucker fa/fa rats the effects of macitentan (10 mg/kg/day as a food additive for short-term/7- or long-term/90-day treatment) on right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function/remodelling (MRI), RV and LV haemodynamics (catheterization) and RV and LV coronary function (myograph).

After 7- and 90-days, untreated Zucker fa/fa rats presented isolated LV diastolic dysfunction (illustrated by elevated LV end-diastolic pressure [EDP] and LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship [EDPVR] without changes in LV EDPVR). This was associated with increased collagen deposition and impaired endothelium-dependent coronary artery relaxation. Macitentan 7- and 90-day treatment significantly decreased blood pressure and prevented LV, RV and coronary dysfunctions and long-term treatment reduced LV collagen density. Moreover, 7- and 90-day macitentan treatment significantly reduced cardiac inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

Dual ERA macitentan improved both LV and RV diastolic dysfunction. This was associated with improved coronary vasodilation, diminished cardiac oxidative stress and improved blood composition. These results suggest that antagonizing the ET system with macitentan is a promising approach to treat HFpEF and its complications.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) serves as a pivotal regulator of lipid balance, adipogenesis, and inflammatory processes. PPARγ full agonists display strong curative effects but also serious adverse effects. Here, we found a novel 4-(cyclohexyloxy)phenyl acetate scaffold with partial PPARγ agonist activity, and its structure-activity relationship was studied. We also describe the structure-guided lead optimization of orally bioavailable SP-C01 as a dual modulator of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and partial PPARγ, which can inhibit Ser273 phosphorylation. In mice, oral administration of SP-C01 at a dose of 5 g/kg resulted in excellent safety; a significant reduction in the negative consequences of lipid accumulation and water-sodium retention; and no gastrointestinal adverse effects, weight gain, or cardiotoxicity. In addition, SP-C01 has shown a better effect than pioglitazone (Pio.) in type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Additionally, SP-C01 has demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in models of both neuropathic and inflammatory pain.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a noncoital method of conception used to treat human infertility. Although IVF is viewed as largely safe, it is associated with adverse outcomes in the fetus, placenta, and adult offspring. Because studies focusing on the effect of IVF on the male reproductive system are limited, we used a mouse model to assess the morphological and molecular effects of IVF on male offspring. We evaluated 3 developmental stages: 18.5-day fetuses and 12- and 39-week-old adults. Regardless of age, we observed changes in testicular-to-body weight ratios, serum testosterone levels, testicular morphology, gene expression, and DNA methylation. Also, sperm showed changes in morphology and DNA methylation. To assess multigenerational phenotypes, we mated IVF-conceived and naturally conceived males with wild-type females. Offspring from IVF males exhibited decreased fetal-to-placental weight ratios and changes in placenta gene expression and morphology regardless of sex. At 12 weeks of age, offspring showed higher body weights and differences in glucose, triglyceride, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL/VLDL-C levels. Both sexes showed changes in gene expression in liver, testes, and ovaries and decreased global DNA methylation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that male IVF offspring exhibit abnormal testicular and sperm morphology and molecular alterations with a multigenerational impact.

Chinese herbal medicine effectively treats recurrent pregnancy loss, though its mechanism is unclear. This study used RStudio 4.3.0 to collect successful cases for cluster analysis, identifying medication patterns and core formulas, and further researching key prescriptions. The prescription is frequently used for recurrent abortion patients with insulin resistance. UPLC-QTOF-MS identified components, and network pharmacology explored key prescription targets in recurrent abortion with insulin resistance, validated by molecular docking and in vitro experiments. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment for 177 recurrent abortion cases and 640 prescriptions was analysed using RStudio 4.3.0 to identify medication patterns. Chaige Kangyi Recipe (CGKYR) active components and targets were obtained from TCMNPAS, and a herb-ingredient-target gene network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.2. GeneCards provided RSA target genes, and Cytoscape visualised a drug-disease target PPI network. Metascape software performed GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. UHPLC-MS/MS identified active compounds in core prescriptions, and molecular docking evaluated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of major chemical components on key targets. Key prescriptions were derived from RStudio 4.3.0 cluster analysis of the Chaige Kangyi Recipe (CGKYR), commonly used for recurrent miscarriages with insulin resistance. Sixty-seven active ingredients were identified via UPLC-QTOF-MS. Network pharmacology revealed 179 target genes related to CGKYR's effects on recurrent miscarriage with insulin resistance. PPI analysis indicated IL-6, AKT1, STAT3, and INS as potential targets. Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding activity of four compounds with IL-6.CCK-8 assays showed CGKYR promoted HDSC proliferation dose-dependently. In vitro experiments indicated CGKYR increased IL-6 mRNA expression in human decidual stromal cells. CGKYR employs a multifaceted therapy for RPL complicated by insulin resistance, enhancing endometrial receptivity and stimulating HDSC proliferation by upregulating IL-6 mRNA expression in human decidual stromal cells.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at higher risk of developing MetS due to chronic inflammation, altered adipokine profiles, and the effects of corticosteroid treatment. However, the prevalence of MetS in IBD patients remains inconsistent across studies. This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of MetS in IBD patients and compare its occurrence between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science from their inception up to January 19, 2025. Eligible observational studies reporting MetS prevalence in IBD patients were included. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed via the I² statistic. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software, version 4.0 was used for analysis.

The pooled prevalence of MetS in IBD patients was 21.8% (95% CI: 14.3-31.6%). The prevalence was higher in UC patients (32.7%, 95% CI: 16.0-55.5%) compared to CD patients (14.1%, 95% CI: 8.6-22.3%). Patients with UC had significantly higher odds of MetS than those with CD (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.03-1.85, P = 0.02). Additionally, IBD patients with MetS were significantly older than those without (MD: 9.89, 95% CI: 5.12-14.67, P < 0.01).

In summary, this meta-analysis reveals a notable prevalence of MetS among patients with IBD, particularly in those with UC, where the prevalence is higher than in CD. The analysis also shows that IBD patients with MetS tend to be older, suggesting age as a contributing factor. These findings underscore the need for routine metabolic screening in IBD care, especially in UC and elderly patients.

Diabetes is one common clinical symptoms of metabolic disorders. The peel of Zea mays L. is a folk remedy for diabetes that has not been thoroughly studied. The effects and mechanisms on diabetes complicated glucose and lipid metabolism disorders are still unknown now.

The research is intended to elucidate the constituent of phenylpropanoid enriched of Zea mays L. (YMP), and investigate the treatment and mechanism on amending glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.

The constituents of YMP were systematacially identified by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and NMR. To assess the effects of varying YMP doses, diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin and a high-fat diet were divided into groups. Targeted serum metabolomics investigations were conducted using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS. Moreover, 16S rRNA analysis was employed to elucidate the intricate mechanisms through the gut microbiota modulates lipid and glucose metabolism.

It demonstrated that the primary component of YMP was luteolin. At a high dosage of 160 mg/kg/day, YMP considerably reduced the values of the oral glucose tolerance test, insulin, and blood glucose (p < 0.001). After administration, insulin resistance indexes decreased. YMP reversed the accumulation of glycogen in the liver and reduced hepatic lipid deposition. Compared to MOD group, the concentration of luteolin is higher and its metabolite, indicating that luteolin may be adequately absorbed and have an influence on the circulatory system. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that YMP and gut microbiota interacted to positively regulate beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Ligilactobacillus, and Lactobacillus.

This work investigated the regulating effect of YMP on the liver glycolipid metabolism for the first time, and it also showed the underlying mechanism through gut microbiota. According to these studies, YMP has a lot of potential to be used as a supplemental treatment for complex metabolic illnesses like diabetes. It offered empirical support for the use of alternative medicine in the area to treat complex problems of glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetes.

Various anthropometric indices have been proposed to assess central obesity and predict metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, their ability to predict MetS has not been evaluated in the Nepali adult population. This study compared the predictive potential of 12 novel and traditional anthropometric indices for MetS and its components among Nepali adults.

This cross-sectional study, conducted between January 2022 and June 2023, involved 1,116 adult participants (424 females, 692 males) aged 30-86 years from Gandaki Province, Nepal. Twelve anthropometric indices were calculated from the primary anthropometric and metabolic parameters. MetS was defined according to the modified NCEP-ATP III criteria. Logistic regression models were used to assess the strength of associations between these indices and MetS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the predictive potential of these indices for MetS and its components. AUC differences between various index pairs were also calculated.

The overall prevalence of MetS in our study participants was 52.7%. The VAI demonstrated the best performance in predicting MetS (AUC: 0.865 for females, 0.882 for males), followed by LAP (AUC: 0.848 for females, 0.866 for males). The WHR showed good performance (AUC: 0.749 for females, 0.722 for males). BMI, the well-known traditional measure of body adiposity, demonstrated lower predictive ability (AUC: 0.586 for females, 0.571 for males). The optimal cutoffs were as follows: VAI > 2.37 for females, > 1.71 for males; LAP > 37.21 for females, > 47.74 for males; WHR > 0.97 for females, > 0.98 for males; and BMI > 23.10 for females, > 23.90 for males. BAI exhibited the poorest diagnostic performance for MetS prediction in both sexes (AUC < 0.555). Both the VAI and LAP were strongly positively associated (p < 0.001) with increased odds of MetS in both females (OR: 16.03, 95% CI: 9.77-26.31) and males (OR: 24.88, 95% CI: 16.51-37.48).

Among Nepali adults, the VAI and LAP outperform traditional anthropometric indices in predicting MetS and its components, suggesting their potential as effective screening tools for early detection. These findings contribute to the development of population-specific screening strategies for MetS in resource-limited settings such as Nepal, potentially enhancing early detection and prevention of cardiometabolic disorders.

This research seeks to explore the link between the oxidative balance score (OBS) and sarcopenia in American adults with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) using data from a national, population-based survey.

The study included 3,625 participants diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome, all aged 20 years and above, derived from NHANES datasets spanning 1999-2006 and 2011-2018. OBS evaluation was based on 16 dietary and 4 lifestyle elements. MetS diagnosis followed the NCEP-ATP III guidelines, while sarcopenia identification was based on FNIH standards. We employed multivariate logistic regression analyses to delve into the connections between OBS and sarcopenia within the MetS cohort.

Sarcopenia was found in 17.46% of the participants. In models adjusted for all variables, OBS, dietary OBS, and lifestyle OBS each showed a significant inverse relationship with sarcopenia among MetS individuals [OBS: OR = 0.959, 95%CI: (0.948, 0.982), P trend = 0.0005; dietary OBS: OR = 0.963, 95%CI: (0.939, 0.989), P trend = 0.0055; lifestyle OBS: OR = 0.860, 95%CI: (0.787, 0.939), P trend = 0.0011]. Higher scores in OBS were consistently linked with a decreased incidence of sarcopenia (all P for trend < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed that these relationships were linear. The impact of age was significant, with OBS benefits only observed in those aged 40 and older.

Maintaining a diet and lifestyle rich in antioxidants is both independently and collectively linked with a lower occurrence of sarcopenia in individuals with MetS. These results bolster the proposition of developing OBS-centered preventive strategies for sarcopenia in MetS patients, particularly those aged 40 years and older.

The characteristics of the white matter network in schizophrenia patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain unclear. This study analyzed white matter network characteristics in schizophrenia patients with MetS undergoing risperidone or clozapine treatment and explored their potential association with metabolic index and cognitive function.

Diffusion tensor imaging was used to evaluate 19 schizophrenia patients with comorbid MetS (MetS-SZ) and 20 schizophrenia patients without MetS (nMetS-SZ), as well as 25 healthy controls (HC). Differences in these network metrics were compared among these through groups using ANCOVAs and post-hoc testing. Associations between differential network metrics and clinical characteristics were also analyzed.

Relative to HC individuals, both MetS-SZ and nMetS-SZ patients exhibited a reduction in bilateral thalamic degree centrality (DC) and nodal efficiency (NE). Relative to the HC group, MetS-SZ patients exhibited reductions in both global efficiency and local efficiency, lower levels of DC in the superior occipital gyrus, and reduced NE in the prefrontal and occipital cortices. Relative to nMetS-SZ patients, MetS-SZ patients also exhibited reduced global efficiency and local efficiency, together with decreases in NE in the prefrontal cortex, medial and paracentral cingulate gyrus, occipital cortex, angular gyrus, and temporal pole. Impairments in executive function were associated with reduced NE values in the right angular gyrus, left medial and paracingulate gyrus. Increases in waist circumference and hip circumference, as well as impairments in executive function, were associated with reductions in NE among patients with schizophrenia.

Specific changes in the structure of the white matter network accompanying cognitive deficits were observed in MetS-SZ patients. These results offer new insight into the mechanisms underlying the neural network in schizophrenia patients with MetS.

This study aimed to evaluate if the intestinal permeability is associated with overweight/obesity with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS) and correlate intestinal permeability parameters with cardiovascular risk factors.

This was a cross-sectional study that individuals were divided in three groups: 1) controls (n = 34), 2) overweight/obesity (n = 29), and 3) overweight/obesity + MetS (n = 29). Anthropometric and blood biochemical parameters were used to estimate cardiovascular risk factors. Intestinal permeability was evaluated using the lactulose/mannitol test in urine samples analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometry Detection. Correlations between intestinal permeability and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated using Spearman's correlations (r2). Logistic regression models were performed to elucidate variables associated with intestinal permeability parameters. The percentage of urinary excretion of lactulose, mannitol, and the lactulose/mannitol ratio was similar between the studied groups. The percentage of urinary mannitol excretion was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure (r2 = 0.24, p = 0.23), fasting glucose (r2 = 0.26, p = 0.013), fasting insulin (r2 = 0.25, p = 0.015) and HOMA-IR (r2 = 0.26, p = 0.012). The logistic regression showed fasting insulin was associated with a higher mannitol urinary excretion (AOR = 1.08, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.14).

Intestinal permeability was not disrupted in overweight/obesity and MetS, however the results suggest that the increased cardiovascular risk factors were associated with a higher intestinal absorption area. Further studies should investigate other intestinal parameters related to overweight/obesity and MetS in humans.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder characterized by a cluster of metabolic risk factors. Recent research highlights the gut microbiome's role in metabolic regulation, suggesting that modulation through probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may provide a novel approach to managing MetS. This umbrella review aims to integrate insights from existing meta-analyses to explore how changes in gut microbiota influence key body measurement indicators in individuals with MetS.

A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases identified meta-analyses that assessed the impact of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics on anthropometric indices in MetS patients.

The results indicated that microbial therapy leads to a significant reduction in body mass index (BMI) (SMD: -0.22; 95% CI: -0.35 to -0.09; P < 0.01) and waist circumference (WC) (SMD: -0.47; 95% CI: -0.80 to -0.15; P < 0.01). However, microbial therapy did not significantly affect body fat mass (SMD: -0.30; 95% CI: -0.64 to 0.02; P = 0.06), body fat percentage (SMD: -0.29; 95% CI: -0.62 to 0.03; P = 0.07), waist-to-hip ratio (SMD: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.46 to 0.28; P = 0.63), and weight (SMD: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.21 to 0.08; P = 0.37).

Gut microbial modulation, mainly through probiotics and synbiotics, shows promise in reducing BMI and WC in MetS patients. However, its effects on other anthropometric indices remain uncertain, warranting further high-quality research to fully understand microbial interventions' therapeutic potential.

Insulin resistance is a common metabolic disease, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. The decrease of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level mediated by the alteration of gut microbiota may be the pathogenesis. The study was to investigate the regulatory effect of dihydromyricetin (DHM) on GLP-1 level and insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet (HFD), and to further explore its possible molecular mechanism. Mice were fed an HFD to establish the model of insulin resistance to determine whether DHM had a protective effect. DHM could improve insulin resistance. DHM increased serum GLP-1 by improving intestinal GLP-1 secretion and inhibiting GLP-1 decomposition, associated with the alteration of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) proportions and decreased expression of CD26 in IELs and TCRαβ+ CD8αβ+ IELs in HFD-induced mice. DHM could ameliorate GLP-1 level and insulin resistance by modulation of gut microbiota and the metabolites, particularly the regulation of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) content, followed by the inhibition of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression in intestinal L cells and increased glucagon gene (Gcg) mRNA expression and GLP-1 secretion. This research demonstrates the role of "gut microbiota-CDCA" pathway in the improvement of intestinal GLP-1 levels in HFD-induced mice by DHM administration, providing a new target for the prevention of insulin resistance.

The 5-year survival rate for patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TC) is excellent. However, these survivors are at an increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS), a significant source of morbidity and precursor to cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the incidence of MetS in TC survivors compared to matched controls.

A retrospective analysis was conducted using the Veterans Affairs national database. The incidence of MetS was compared between 2021 TC survivors and 7595 matched controls. MetS was identified via diagnostic codes and medication use, requiring at least three of five criteria: insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension. Statistical analysis included chi-squared and t-tests for demographic comparisons, and Cox regression for outcome associations.

TC survivors exhibited a greater prevalence of MetS components than controls, specifically hyperglycemia (28.4%), low HDL levels (59.8%), hypertriglyceridemia (8.0%), and abdominal obesity (27.3%), except for hypertension. Over 5 and 10 years, the cumulative incidence of MetS in TC survivors was 17.0% and 27.8%, compared to 1.9% and 2.8% in controls. Multivariate regression showed an increased incidence of MetS in TC survivors (HR = 19.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.31-22.19, p < 0.001). Chemotherapy (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04-1.57, p = 0.017) and increasing age (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.04-1.06, p < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk.

TC survivors have a substantial risk of MetS with a higher occurrence of most MetS components, barring hypertension. Comprehensive metabolic health monitoring is crucial in TC survivorship care. Integrating vigilant screening and preventive strategies can mitigate MetS development in this population.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can disturb lipid and glucose metabolism, but few studies have explored the effects of EDC mixtures and underlying inflammation mechanisms in weight-specific children.

We conducted a panel study with 3 repeated visits among 144 children aged 4-12 years. For each visit, participants provided morning urine samples for 4 consecutive days and fasting blood samples on day 4. A total of 36 EDCs were measured, including 10 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), 3 phenols, 3 parabens, 10 phthalates, and 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We used quantile g-computation, grouped weighted quantile sum (GWQS) regression, and linear mixed-effect models to evaluate and validate the associations of the mixture and individual effects of EDCs on lipid and fasting blood glucose (FBG). Further, mediation models were applied to explore the potential role of cytokines in the relationships of EDCs and outcomes.

A quantile increase in EDC mixtures was associated with elevated triglyceride (TG) (β = 0.18, 95 % CI: 0.04, 0.33) and FBG (β = 0.02, 95 % CI: 0.01, 0.04). Also, GWQS regression revealed that PFAS contributed the most to the overall effects for TG and FBG, followed by phenols. These associations were more pronounced in overweight/obese children. Regarding individual pollutants, we observed positive relationships of several PFAS with TG and FBG. Furthermore, chemokine ligand 2 mediated the associations of PFAS with TG among overweight/obese children.

The present study suggested that the EDC mixtures were associated with elevated lipid and glucose levels among children, particularly for those with overweight/obesity.

Lifestyle-induced weight loss (LIWL) is considered an effective therapy for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The role of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in adipose tissue function and in the success of LIWL in MetS is still unclear. We investigated the effect of 6 months of LIWL on transcriptional regulation in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Aiming to identify a LIWL-associated "gene signature" in SAT, DEGs were fitted into a linear regression model.

The study is embedded in a prospective, two-arm, controlled, monocentric, randomized, 6-month interventional trial in individuals with MetS following LIWL. The trial included 43 nonsmoking, nondiabetic men aged 45-55 years with MetS.

In total, we identified 642 DEGs in SAT after 6 months of LIWL. The identified DEGs were validated in two cross-sectional cohorts analyzing SAT from individuals with and without obesity. Gene enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed the strongest association with cholesterol metabolic processes. Accordingly, DEGs were correlated with the lipid parameters HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in corresponding serum samples. We identified 3 genes with an AUC of 0.963 (95% CI: 0.906-1.0) associated with a loss of more than 10% of initial body weight that was maintained for at least 12 months after LIWL, namely SUMO3 (Small ubiquitin-related modifier 3), PRKG2 (Protein Kinase CGMP-Dependent 2), and ADAP2 (ArfGAP with Dual PH Domains 2).

In summary, we have identified DEGs in SAT after LIWL, which may play an important role in metabolic functions. In particular, altered gene expression in SAT may predict sustained weight loss.

Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder characterized by insulin resistance (IR), central obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and higher glucose levels. It increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), imposing an economic burden on the healthcare system. However, the historical origins of MetS as well as the development and evolution of its definitions have not been conclusively documented in the literature. This study seeks to enhance the understanding of the developmental trends of MetS during the preceding two decades, placing particular emphasis on the definition, diagnosis and prevalence. Methods: An extensive search was performed from 1920 to 2023 across prominent scientific research engines, including Scopus, PubMed, MDPI, and others. Results: Despite advancements, many aspects of MetS remain inadequately understood. As the understanding of the nature and pathophysiology of MetS progresses, the development and refinement of its diagnostic criteria, and assessment and treatment guidelines will continue. Additionally, there exists significant variation in the global prevalence of metabolic syndrome, ranging from 14 to 39%. This prevalence is projected to increase due to the adoption of less healthy dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles. The observed disparities in metabolic syndrome prevalence can be attributed to multiple factors, including demographic characteristics. Furthermore, the lack of a standardized definition across studies also contributes to the variation in reported prevalence rates. Conclusions: Further studies focusing on the standardization of the MetS definition across different research are crucial. The establishment of consistent criteria would enhance the reliability and validity of research findings, enabling more meaningful comparisons and interpretations.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) associated with Osteoarthritis (OA) is an increasingly recognised entity. Whilst the degenerative pattern in cuff-tear arthropathy (CTA) has been well documented, the biological processes behind primary shoulder OA and CTA remain less understood. This study investigates transcriptomic differences in these conditions, alongside the impact of MetS in patients undergoing total shoulder replacement. In a multi-centre study, 20 OA patients undergoing total shoulder replacement were included based on specific treatment indications for OA and cuff-tear arthropathy as well as 25 patients undergoing rotator cuff repair (RCR) as a comparator group. Tissues from subchondral bone, capsule (OA and RCR), and synovium were biopsied, and RNA sequencing was performed using Illumina platforms. Differential gene expression was conducted using DESeq2, adjusting for demographic factors, followed by pathway enrichment using the mitch package. Gene expressions in CTA and primary OA was differentially affected. CTA showed mitochondrial dysfunction, GATD3A downregulation, and increased cartilage degradation, while primary OA was marked by upregulated inflammatory and catabolic pathways. The effect of MetS on these pathologies was further shown. MetS further disrupted WNT/β-catenin signalling in CTA, and in OA. Genes such as ACAN, PANX3, CLU, and VAT1L were upregulated, highlighting potential biomarkers for early OA detection. This transcriptomic analysis reveals key differences between end-stage CTA and primary glenohumeral OA. CTA shows heightened metabolic/protein synthesis activity with less immune-driven inflammation. Under MetS, mitochondrial dysfunction (including GATD3A downregulation) and altered Wnt/β-catenin signalling intensify cartilage and bone damage. In contrast, primary OA features strong complement activation, inflammatory gene expression, and collagen remodelling. MetS worsens both conditions via oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and ECM disruption-particularly, increased CS/DS degradation. These distinctions support targeted treatments, from antioxidants and Wnt modulators to aggrecanase inhibitors or clusterin augmentation. Addressing specific molecular disruptions, especially those amplified by MetS, may preserve shoulder function, delay surgical intervention, and improve long-term patient outcomes.

Postoperative delirium is a prevalent complication in cardiac surgery patients, highlighting the importance of early risk factor identification for optimal management. This study aimed to pinpoint risk factors and devise a novel screening tool, the Screening Tool for Delirium After Cardiac Surgery (SDACS), to predict postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery patients after the first day.

This study employed a multiphase design consisting of three phases. In the first phase, through a scoping review of 38 finally selected published papers, 136 potential risk factors for identifying delirium after cardiac surgery were identified. These risk factors were then incorporated into three Delphi rounds of expert panels to develop a screening tool for postoperative delirium. Finally, 76 potential risk factors were examined on 920 cardiac surgery patients at three academic institutions between 2020 and 2023 (third phase of the study). All predictors were included into a screening instrument (SDACS), and the regression coefficient of each predictor was transformed into a risk score.

Delirium was diagnosed in 53% (n = 488) of 920 patients. Four independent predictors of delirium were identified: chronic opioid use (OR: 4.605, 95% CI: 2.163-9.804), hearing impairment (OR: 6.926, 95% CI: 3.630-12.215), benzodiazepine history (OR: 8.506, 95% CI: 5.651-11.805), and poor sleep quality on the first night after cardiac surgery (OR: 9.081, 95% CI: 6.225-12.248). The cross-validated area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) for the screening instrument was 0.897 (95% CI: 0.876-0.916; P < 0.001).

Chronic opioid use, hearing impairment, benzodiazepine history, and poor sleep quality post-surgery are linked to postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery patients. The SDACS screening tool effectively forecasts this syndrome early, offering bedside nurses a valuable tool for prompt intervention and improved patient outcomes. The SDACS screening tool aids in early delirium risk assessment, enabling timely interventions and better patient outcomes. By predicting postoperative delirium accurately, nurses can address risk factors proactively, potentially reducing its incidence and severity, leading to improved postoperative outcomes for patients.

This work describes a computer study that looks at how different amounts of cholesterol (0%, 25%, and 50%) in cell membranes change the relationship between ATP and the KATP channel. This could explain why pancreatic beta-cells secrete insulin differently. We use computer simulations of molecular dynamics, calculations of binding free energy, and an integrated oscillator model to look at the electrical activity of beta-cells. There is a need for this kind of multiscale approach right now because cholesterol plays a part in metabolic syndrome and early type 2 diabetes. Our results showed that the increase in cholesterol concentration in the cell membrane affects the electrostatic interactions between ATP and the KATP channel, especially with charged residues in the binding site. Cholesterol can influence the properties of a membrane, including its local charge distribution near the channel. This affects the electrostatic environment around the ATP-binding site, increasing  the affinity of ATP for the channel as our results indicated from 0 to 25 and 50% cholesterol (- 141 to - 113 kJ/mol, respectively). Simulating this change in the affinity to ATP of the KATP channels in a model of the electrical activity of the pancreatic beta-cell indicates that even a minimal increase could produce hyperinsulism. The study answers an important research question about how the structure of the membrane affects the function of KATP and, in turn, insulin releases a common feature of metabolic syndrome and early stages of type 2 diabetes.

Caveolae are small flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids. They play a critical role in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, endocytosis, and mechanotransduction. Caveolin proteins, specifically Cav-1, Cav-2, and Cav-3, in addition to their role as structural components of caveolae, have been found to regulate the activity of signaling molecules. A growing body of research has highlighted the pivotal role of caveolae and caveolins in maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis. Indeed, studies have demonstrated that caveolins interact with the key components of insulin signaling, glucose uptake, and lipid metabolism, thereby influencing energy production and storage. The dysfunction of caveolae or the altered expression of caveolins has been associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and ocular diseases. Remarkably, mutations in caveolin genes can disrupt cellular energy balance, promote oxidative stress, and exacerbate metabolic dysregulation. This review examines current research on the molecular mechanisms through which caveolae and caveolins regulate cellular metabolism, explores their involvement in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, and discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting caveolin function and the stabilization of caveolae to restore metabolic homeostasis.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is predictive of increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular conditions (CVC). Lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be of importance to the eventual diagnosis of T2D and CVC. This study aimed to predict the diagnosis of T2D and CVC amongst individuals with LPL SNPs rs268, rs11542065, rs116403115, rs118204057, rs118204061, rs144466625, and rs547644955.

This is a retrospective study using the UK Biobank data. Variables associated with MetS, T2D and CVC were selected from the data set. The total number of subjects in the cohort was 12,872 (mean age 56 years ± 8.1, 90.0 % were of British ethnicity, and 53.9 % were females). Logistic regression was used to assess whether the T2D and CVC can be predicted based on the presence of LPL SNPs and some of the clinical measures.

Prediction models using clinical parameters showed good area under the curve (AUC) for prediction of T2D and CVC diagnosis (in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.959 for T2D, AUC = 0.772 for CVC). The addition of Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS/s) showed an improvement for diagnosis of both (AUC = 0.961 and 0.790 for TD and CVC, respectively). Further addition of SNPs showed more increase in AUC (AUC = 0.965 and 0.837 for T2D and CVC, respectively). The additive effect of the PRSs and LPL SNPs was more pronounced in the CVC than in the T2D model. The variant that had major significance for both T2D and CVC diagnoses was rs547644955 (AUC 1.0 and 0.910, respectively). The SNPs rs116403115 and rs118204057 both had an AUC of 1.0 for T2D diagnosis.

The prediction of T2D and CVC diagnoses with the use of clinically available factors may be enhanced with the addition of PRSs and SNPs, including LPL SNPs, which may have implications for stratified or personalised approaches for disease prevention or treatment.

Triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), as a new surrogate index for evaluating insulin resistance (IR), has rarely been studied with the incidence rate of hypertension (HTN). This study aims to explore the correlation between TyG-BMI and HTN in American adults, to find a cost-effective and convenient marker to guide early prevention of HTN. We performed this cross-sectional study based on the NHANES database from 2017 to 2020. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between TyG-BMI and the prevalence of HTN. Additionally, stratified analysis was performed to test the robustness of the results. 3,069 eligible participants were included in our study (48.8% male, mean age 50.0 ± 17.2 years), and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TyG-BMI was maintained positively correlated with HTN after fully adjusting covariates. For every 10-unit increase in the TyG-BMI, the risk of HTN increases by 4.3% (95% CI: 1.007-1.08, P = 0.018). When TyG-BMI was represented as a Quartile, the relationship between TyG-BMI and increased risk of HTN remained significant, which were statistically significant for each model. Stratified analyses suggested that the correlation between TyG-BMI and HTN was more pronounced in those aged 60 years or older (P < 0.05). The correlation between TyG-BMI and HTN remained stable in all strata except the age subgroup (P > 0.05). TyG-BMI is significantly associated with HTN among American adults. Early monitoring of TyG-BMI may help to monitor early the risk of hypertension.

We aimed to investigate the relationships between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its severity score (Metsss) with asymptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis (aICAS) while also assessing the additional effect of high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP).

This cross-sectional study included 2390 individuals who underwent health examinations at our centre from June 2019 to August 2023. Participants received physical examinations, laboratory tests and magnetic resonance angiography evaluations. MetS was defined by the modified acknowledged criteria and quantified by Metsss. Logistic regression, interaction analysis and mediation analysis were employed.

Among the 2390 participants, 135 (5.65%) had aICAS, and 726 (30.40%) had MetS. After adjusting for confounders, MetS was significantly associated with aICAS (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.16 to 2.43, p=0.006). The prevalence of aICAS increased significantly from 3.6% to 8.6% as the number of MetS components increased. Higher quartiles of Metsss also significantly increased aICAS risk (P for trend <0.001). After multivariable adjustment, MetS (p=0.001) and elevated Metsss (p<0.001) were only associated with posterior circulation aICAS (vs anterior). Furthermore, participants with both MetS and elevated hsCRP levels had a greater risk for aICAS (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.36 to 3.96, p=0.002). hsCRP mediated the association between MetS and alCAS in participants ≤65 years old.

MetS and Metsss were independently associated with the risk of aICAS. The mediating effect of hsCRP on the relationship between MetS and aICAS appears to be age-dependent. These findings offer valuable insights into clinical decision making of aICAS and further improve the primary stroke prevention.

Recent studies have indicated that triglyceride glucose (TyG)-waist height ratio (WHtR) and TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC) are effective indicators for evaluating insulin resistance. However, research on the association in TyG-WHtR, TyG-WC, and the risk and prognosis of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases are limited.

To clarify the relation in TyG-WHtR, TyG-WC, and the risk of MACEs and overall mortality in T2DM patients.

Information for this investigation was obtained from Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD)/ACCORD Follow-On (ACCORDION) study database. The Cox regression model was applied to assess the relation among TyG-WHtR, TyG-WC and future MACEs risk and overall mortality in T2DM cases. The RCS analysis was utilized to explore the nonlinear correlation. Subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted to prove the robustness. The receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to analysis the additional predicting value of TyG-WHtR and TyG-WC.

After full adjustment for confounding variables, the highest baseline TyG-WHtR cohort respectively exhibited a 1.353-fold and 1.420-fold higher risk for MACEs and overall mortality, than the lowest quartile group. Similarly, the highest baseline TyG-WC cohort showed a 1.314-fold and 1.480-fold higher risk for MACEs and overall mortality, respectively. Each 1 SD increase in TyG-WHtR was significantly related to an 11.7% increase in MACEs and a 14.9% enhance in overall mortality. Each 1 SD increase in TyG-WC corresponded to an 11.5% in MACEs and a 16.6% increase in overall mortality. Including these two indexes in conventional models significantly improved the predictive power for MACEs and overall mortality.

TyG-WHtR and TyG-WC were promising predictors of MACEs and overall mortality risk in T2DM cases.

Stroke poses a substantial threat to global public health. The triglyceride glucose-waist height ratio (TyG-WHtR), which incorporates the TyG metric with obesity-related WHtR, has demonstrated superior diagnostic and predictive value compared to the TyG index alone. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of in-depth exploration into the relationship between TyG-WHtR and stroke. This study seeks to address this gap by extracting information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to elucidate the potential association between TyG-WHtR levels and stroke.

This study included 8,757 individuals from four research cycles conducted between 2011 and 2018. To examine the potential relationship between TyG-WHtR and stroke, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis. In addition, smooth curve fitting was applied to display the nonlinear association. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses contributed to examining the robustness and consistency of the relationship between TyG-WHtR and stroke. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to evaluate the diagnostic capability of TyG-WHtR and TyG.

After adjusting for relevant covariates, a positive association between TyG-WHtR levels and stroke occurrence was observed (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02-1.55). Specifically, each unit increase in TyG-WHtR was associated with a 26% higher likelihood of stroke. The findings of sensitivity analysis further demonstrated the stability of this positive relationship. Subgroup analysis revealed that this association was significant among participants who did not engage in moderate exercise and those without coronary heart disease or angina pectoris. ROC analysis demonstrated that TyG-WHtR exhibited superior predictive value compared to TyG.

This study identified an association between elevated TyG-WHtR levels and an increased prevalence of stroke, suggesting that TyG-WHtR may serve as a valuable predictive tool for stroke risk, with potential implications for clinical prevention and early intervention.

Cardiometabolic Syndrome (CMS) is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and all-cause mortality. The Weight-Adjusted Waist Circumference Index (WWI) has emerged as a novel metric for assessing obesity and its health implications. To investigate the relationship between WWI and mortality in CMS patients, considering the mediating role of inflammatory markers. The study analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2003 to 2018 and identified 6506 patients with CMS. WWI was calculated as the square root of waist circumference (cm) divided by weight (kg). Mortality data were correlated with the National Death Index (NDI). Cox regression models, adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates, assessed the effect of WWI on all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Finally, the role of inflammatory markers in the relationship between WWI and mortality was explored using mediation analysis. The study observed a positive linear association between WWI and all-cause, cardiovascular, and diabetes-related mortalities among CMS patients. After adjusting for demographic and clinical confounders, WWI remained a significant predictor of mortality. Mediation analysis revealed that inflammatory markers, particularly the neutrophil and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), significantly mediated the relationship between WWI and all-cause mortality. WWI is an independent predictor of mortality in CMS patients, with inflammation potentially linking obesity to mortality risk. These findings may inform clinical risk assessment and management strategies for CMS.

Tobacco smoking and eating disorders are often connected to concerns about body image and can be indicative of underlying mental health conditions, such as depression. In Palestinian society, females have a cultural belief that smoking can aid in weight loss. Societal pressure on body image may drive females to such risky behaviors. However, few studies have examined the link between smoking and eating disorder behaviors. We researched the prevalence of tobacco smoking among Palestinian female university students and its association with binge/purge behaviors and depression.

A cross-sectional research study was carried out at An-Najah National University. Female students [N = 642] completed anonymous surveys, sharing information about tobacco smoking and other substance use habits, answering questions from the Eating Attitude Test-26, the Sick (EAT-26), Control, One, Fat, and Food (SCOF) screening tests, and the Beck Depression Inventory.

The study reported a high prevalence of waterpipe smoking (24.4%) among Palestinian university female students, which exceeded the prevalence of cigarette smoking (4%). For the SCOF scale, 36.3% scored ≥ 2 points, indicating a screened positive for anorexia or bulimia nervosa; 40% struggled with binge-eating behavior, while only 7.8% had sought treatment for eating disorders. Additionally, 34.7% of the students experienced depression. The adjusted binary logistic regression model of risk factors for cigarette smoking has shown that cigarette smoking is significantly associated with self-induced vomiting (aOR = 6.075, p-value = 0.027), history for eating disorder treatment (aOR = 3.438, p-value = 0.047), e-cigarettes (aOR = 10.070, p-value = 0.001), waterpipe (aOR = 3.299, p-value = 0.022), energy drinks (aOR = 5.163, p-value = 0.003), moderate depression (aOR = 11.499, p-value = 0.010), and mild depression (aOR = 12.963, p-value = 0.003).

The study revealed concerning results of tobacco smoking linked to depression, binge/purge behaviors, obesity, and various weight-control methods. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions through awareness campaigns, culturally tailored health education, implementation of mental health support for students, and provide accessible medical and psychological assistance to at-risk Palestinian female students.

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder characterized by the coexistence of multiple risk factors, including dysglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and visceral obesity. Both metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus are closely associated with the onset of microvascular complications such as retinopathy, polyneuropathy, and nephropathy. Methods: This narrative review analyzed 137 studies published up to 2025, retrieved from PubMed and Crossref databases. The objective was to identify and evaluate potential biomarkers that could facilitate the early detection of microvascular complications in patients with metabolic syndrome. Results: Several biomarkers demonstrated a strong correlation with microvascular complications in individuals with metabolic syndrome. These findings suggest their potential role in early diagnosis and risk assessment. Conclusions: The identification of reliable biomarkers may enhance early detection and targeted interventions for microvascular complications in metabolic syndrome. Further research is essential to validate these markers and establish their clinical applicability in routine medical practice.

Timosaponin AⅢ(TAⅢ), derived from the Chinese medicinal herb Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, has been reported to have a range of pharmacological effects including improvement of learning and memory deficits, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic effect and anti-hypertension. This study explored the therapeutic effects and preliminary mechanisms of TAⅢ in improving insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. We found that treatment with 10 mg kg-1·d-1 of TAⅢ reduced the expression of SREBPs and alleviated ectopic lipid deposition by decreasing DAG accumulation in liver. The decrease of DAG further inhibited the membrane translocation of PKC-ε, releasing its inhibition of phosphorylation at Ser307 of IRS1, and ultimately enhancing the AKT signaling response to insulin stimulation. In addition, TAⅢ promoted the browning of iWAT by activating the PGC1α-UCP1 axis on ob/ob mice, thereby enhancing fatty acid oxidation and increasing energy consumption, thus reducing its interference with insulin signaling. TAⅢ worked by enhancing the function of adipose tissue and inhibited lipid synthesis. These actions collectively ameliorated metabolic disturbances associated with insulin resistance. Therefore, we preliminarily concluded that TAⅢ improved metabolic disturbances related to insulin resistance. However, further research is needed, additional studies are necessary to validate these potential mechanisms.

Circadian Syndrome (CircS) is a significant marker of metabolic imbalance and has been linked to various chronic diseases. However, its relationship with cancer risk remains underexplored. This research aims to explore the relationship between CircS and cancer, while also assessing the possible mediating role of the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index.

Baseline data from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and follow-up data from 2015 were analyzed, including participants' sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and metabolic indicators. Linear regression, mediation analysis, and logistic regression were employed to explore relationships between CircS, cancer risk, and the TyG index, with a dose-response analysis conducted on TyG index and cancer risk.

Among 7,864 middle-aged and elderly participants, CircS was significantly and positively associated with cancer risk (r = 0.17, P < 0.001). The TyG index showed a significant correlation with both CircS (r = 0.52, P < 0.001) and cancer (r = 0.15, P < 0.001). Mediation modeling indicated that the TyG index partially mediated the association between CircS and cancer, accounting for 23% of this relationship. Additionally, a significant nonlinear dose-response relationship was observed between the TyG index and cancer risk (Pnonlinear = 0.0024).

Circadian syndrome is associated with increased cancer risk, with the TyG index partially mediating this relationship.

This study sought to clarify the utility of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI)-based radiomics to predict the recurrence of acute pancreatitis (AP) in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Data from 196 patients with both AP and MetS from our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were separated into two groups according to their clinical follow-up outcomes, including those with first-onset AP (n = 114) and those with recurrent AP (RAP) (n = 82). The 196 cases were randomly divided into a training set (n = 137) and a test set (n = 59) at a 7:3 ratio. The clinical characteristics of these patients were systematically compiled for further analysis. For each case, the pancreatic parenchyma was manually delineated slice by slice using 3D Slicer software, and the appropriate radiomics characteristics were retrieved. The K-best approach, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm, and variance thresholding were all used in the feature selection process. The establishment of clinical, radiomics, and combined models for forecasting AP recurrence in patients with MetS was then done using a random forest classifier. Model performance was measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and model comparison was done using the DeLong test. The clinical utility of these models was evaluated using decision curve analysis (DCA), and the optimal model was determined via a calibration curve.

In the training set, the clinical, radiomics, and combined models yielded respective AUCs of 0.651, 0.825, and 0.883, with corresponding test sets of AUCs of 0.606, 0.776, and 0.878. Both the radiomics and combined models exhibited superior predictive effectiveness compared to the clinical model in both the training (p = 0.001, p < 0.001) and test sets (p = 0.04, p < 0.001). The combined model outperformed the radiomics model (training set: p = 0.025, test set: p = 0.019). The DCA demonstrated that the radiomics and combined models had greater clinical efficacy than the clinical model. The calibration curve for the combined model demonstrated good agreement between the predicted probability of AP recurrence and the observed outcomes.

These findings highlight the superior predictive power of a T2WI-based radiomics model for predicting AP recurrence in patients with MetS, potentially supporting early interventions that can mitigate or alleviate RAP.

Obesity is one of the biggest health problems in the 21st century and the leading health disorder amongst women of fertile age. Maternal obesity is associated with several adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. In this group of women, the risk for the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs), such as gestational hypertension (GH) and pre-eclampsia (PE), is increased. In fact, there is a linear association between an increase in pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and PE. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is also related to the development of PE and GH. The role of obesity in the pathophysiology of HDP is complex and is most likely due to an interaction between several factors that cause a state of poor maternal cardiometabolic health. Adipokines seem to have a central role in HDP development, especially for PE. Hypoadiponectinemia, hyperleptinemia, insulin resistance (IR), and a proinflammatory state are metabolic disturbances related to PE pathogenesis, contributing to its development by inducing a state of maternal endothelial dysfunction. Hypertriglyceridemia is suggested to also be a part of the disease mechanisms of HDP. Therefore, this review seeks to explore the scientific literature to assess the complications of maternal obesity and its association with the development of HDP.

To identify the effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ) aqueous extract on glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and blood pressure in male Wistar rats, fed with a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD). Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: Healthy (fed with standard diet), Healthy + CZ (fed with standard diet + CZ extract), HFFD (fed with HFFD), HFFD+CZ, (fed with HFFD + CZ extract). The CZ aqueous extract was administered 100 mg/kg/day by oral gavage to each rat for 8 weeks. Blood samples, blood pressure, and weight were taken at the beginning and end of the experiment. The rats were euthanized after the experiment, according to the Mexican Official Standard NOM-062-ZOOO-1999. The administration of CZ aqueous extract significantly decreased glucose levels (F[1,18]=46.458, P < .001). The interaction between the type of diet and the extract had an effect on triglycerides (F[1,18]=14.93, P = .001), and systolic (F[1,18]=127, P < .001) and diastolic blood pressure levels (F[1,18]=146.13, P < .001) in male Wistar rats. HFFD, plus the administration of CZ aqueous extract over 8 weeks, significantly improved glucose, triglyceride, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, regulating metabolic parameters in male Wistar rats.

Management of obesity potentially improves cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The Epitomee capsule is a non-pharmacological, biodegradable device treatment for weight reduction in patients with overweight and obesity.

This secondary analysis of the Randomized Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of the Epitomee capsule Trial (RESET) (a randomized, 24-week, multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial that enrolled 279 adults aged ≥18 years with a BMI of 27-40 kg/m2) evaluated changes in cardiometabolic parameters in participants treated with Epitomee or placebo combined with lifestyle counseling among (a) the entire RESET study population, and (b) participants meeting diagnostic criteria for prediabetes. Predefined and exploratory endpoints included changes in waist circumference, glycemic parameters, blood pressure, and lipid blood levels; this analysis also assessed percent weight loss in participants with MetS.

Waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and some measures of glycemia and lipids, improved with both Epitomee and placebo with no significant differences. Participants with prediabetes treated with Epitomee showed significantly greater reductions in HOMA-IR (p < 0.007) and insulin levels (p < 0.003) than the placebo group. Participants with MetS at baseline experienced significantly greater percent change in initial weight when treated with the Epitomee capsule (n = 27) compared to placebo (n = 31), -8.3% vs -5.2 %, respectively (p < 0.0004). Similar percentages of participants with MetS in both groups achieved ≥5 % weight reduction (59.3 % and 54.8 %, in Epitomee and placebo groups respectively). Significantly more participants with MetS treated with Epitomee achieved ≥10 % weight reduction compared with those treated with placebo (40.7 % vs. 6.5 %, respectively, p < 0.002).

Treatment with either Epitomee and placebo combined with lifestyle improve cardiometabolic risk factors. Compared to placebo, Epitomee significantly reduced HOMA-IR and insulin levels in participants with prediabetes. Among participants with MetS, Epitomee significantly reduced body weight [ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04222322].

Metabolic disorders, as multifactorial disorders, are induced by genetic susceptibility and exposure to environmental chemicals. Di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a ubiquitous plasticizer, is well known as an endocrine-disrupting chemical in living organisms. In recent decades, researchers have focused on the potential of DEHP and its main metabolite (Mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) (MEHP) to induce metabolic disorders. In the present review, we aimed to summarize studies regarding DEHP and MEHP-induced Metabolic syndrome (MetS) as well as address the involved mechanisms.

A search has been carried out in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using appropriate keywords including 'Metabolic syndrome' or 'Metabolic disorder' or 'Obesity' or 'Hyperglycemia' or 'Hyperlipidemia' or 'Hypertension' or 'Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease' and 'DEHP' or 'Di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate' or 'Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate' or 'MEHP' or 'Mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate'. Studies were chosen based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria are in vitro, in vivo, epidemiological studies, and English-written studies. Exclusion criteria are lack of access to the full text of studies, editorial articles, review articles, and conference articles.

Animal studies indicate that DEHP and MEHP disrupt insulin hemostasis, increase glucose content, and induce hyperlipidemia and hypertension as well as obesity, which could lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). DEHP and its metabolite induce such effects directly through influence on nuclear receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) or indirectly through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Both events led to the disruption of several molecular signaling pathways and subsequently metabolic syndrome (MetS). Furthermore, epidemiological studies showed that there was a correlation between DEHP metabolites levels and obesity, hyperglycemia, and hypertension.

According to studies, DEHP and its main metabolite have the potential to induce MetS by involving various molecular mechanisms. Epidemiological studies concerning the association of DEHP and MetS in humans are not sufficient. Therefore, more studies are needed in this regard.

Our previous research reported a visceral fat area (VFA) estimation equation primarily based on sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), demonstrating favorable performance compared to traditional Waist Circumference (WC)-based equations. While WC is widely used for central obesity measurement, its accuracy needs improvement. This study aims to investigate whether SAD has advantages over WC in diagnosing central obesity and to determine the optimal cut-off values for diagnosis.

This cross-sectional, retrospective cohort study analyzed 6762 individuals from NHANES (2011-2016) and 701 from Chinese health examinations (2023). ROC curve analysis compared AUC of different indicators in identifying two or more non-adipose components of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS).

SAD exhibited the strongest correlation with VFA and demonstrated the strongest associations with most metabolic parameters compared to WC and BMI. Furthermore, compared with WC, SAD had significantly higher AUC values in diagnosing two or more non-adipose components of MetS, with the difference being significant in the NHANES database population (all p < 0.001). The optimal SAD cut-off value was approximately 21.0 cm for both genders and populations, with MetS prevalence increasing rapidly at SAD≥22.0 cm. Subgroup analysis of NHANES revealed variations in optimal SAD cut-off values: Other Races (23.7 cm), Non-Hispanic Black females (18.8 cm), and other subgroups (20.0-22.0 cm).

SAD demonstrates higher efficacy than WC in diagnosing central obesity, suggesting its suitability for assessing central obesity. Additionally, SAD shows potential for a unified diagnostic cut-off value across genders and regions.