• human papillomavirus (hpv)
• oesophagus
• reflux
• squamous papilloma
• transnasal oesophagoscopy

Squamous papilloma is a common benign tumor of the esophagus. Patients with papilloma are usually asymptomatic, and they are diagnosed incidentally during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Most papillomas are small and easily removed by forceps biopsy. Recurrence of papilloma after removal is rare. Human papilloma virus infection is supposed to play a role in the development of esophageal papilloma; however, malignant transformation of papilloma is extremely unusual. Here, we report a case of malignant transformation of esophageal squamous papilloma at the gastroesophageal junction into squamous cell carcinoma in situ, which was treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection.

• Carcinoma in situ
• Carcinoma, squamous cell
• Endoscopy, digestive system
• Papilloma

• Cardiac gland hyperplasia
• Esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma
• Esophagus
• Squamous papilloma

To determine the prevalence of esophageal squamous papillomas (ESPs) in a tertiary teaching hospital and to assess for any clinical associations, including relations with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs).

Data from a total of 6962 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies over a five year period were retrospectively obtained and analysed.

ESP was found in sixteen patients (0.23%). Eight (50%) patients had a high body mass index, seven (44%) had history of cigarette smoking. Reflux esophagitis was found in four (25%) patients. All ESPs were solitary with a mean endoscopic size of 3.8 mm and located in the mid to lower esophagus. Human papilloma virus (HPV) was tested in three (19%) patients and was negative. Esophageal SCC was found in seven patients (0.10%) during the same period. None of the specimens were tested for HPV, and none had associated papillomatous changes.

ESP is an uncommon tumour with unclear clinical associations and malignant potential.

• Esophagus
• Papilloma
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Human papilloma virus
• Squamous cell carcinoma

• Bisphenol A (BPA)
• MCF-7
• RNA interference (RNAi)
• cell proliferation
• estrogen receptor α (ERα)

The author reviewed 931 consecutive esophageal biopsies in the last 15 year in out pathology laboratory of our hospital in search for benign esophageal tumors. As the results, 41 cases (4.4%) of squamous papilloma, 4 cases (0.4%) of granular cell tumor, 3 cases (0.3%) of leiomyoima, and 1 case (0.1%) tubular adenoma were identified. The 41 cases of squamous papillma were located in the cervical esophagus in 6 cases, in the proximal esophagus in 12 cases, in the middle esophagus in 11 cases, and in the distal esophagus in 12 cases. The squamous papilloma was immunohistochemically positive for various cytokeratins. It was endoscopically recognized as small polypoid tumor. The age ranged from 35 years to 81 years with a mean of 51 years. Male to female ratio was 25:16. The 4 cases of granular cell tumor were located in the proximal esophagus in 3 cases, and in the middle esophagus in 1 case. The granular cell tumor was immunohistochemically positive for vimentin, S100 protein, and neuron-specific enolase. It was endoscopically recognized by elevated small lesions. The ages of were 36, 45, 67 and 78 years, and male to female ratio was 1:3. The 1 case of tubular adenoma was located in the distal esophagus. Histologically, it was associated with heterotopic gastric mcusa, and immunohistochemically faintly positive for p53 protein and Ki-67 antigen. It was endoscopically a slightly elevated lesion. The patient was 46 year-old man. The 3 cases of leiomyoma were located in the cervical esophagus in 1 case and in the proximal esophagus in 2 cases. It was immunohistochemically positive for vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, and desmin. It was endoscopically recognized as a submucosal tumor. The ages were 34, 45, and 85 years. Male to female ratio was 1:2.

• Benign tumor
• Clinicopathology
• Esophagus
• Immunohistochemistry