• Humans
• Biomedical Research/standards
• Deglutition/physiology
• Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis
• Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology
• Deglutition Disorders/therapy
• Guidelines as Topic
• Research Design/standards

• adaptability
• convertibility
• design
• emergency department
• flexibility
• modifiability
• scalability
• tolerance

• Humans
• Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration
• Hospital Design and Construction

• appraisal tool
• credibility
• evidence-based design
• hierarchy of evidence
• quality of evidence
• weight of evidence

• Humans
• Delivery of Health Care
• Health Facilities
• Health Services Research
• Reproducibility of Results
• Meta-Analysis as Topic

• Humans
• Medical Records
• Writing

• Feasibility Studies
• Humans
• Physiatrists
• Pilot Projects
• Rehabilitation Research
• Research Design
• Research Report

• access
• and evaluation
• evidence-based practice
• forensic medicine
• health care quality
• health services research
• patient care

• Humans
• Administrative Personnel
• Cause of Death
• Coroners and Medical Examiners
• Patient Safety
• Policy

• CARE guidelines
• case report
• case report guidelines
• dentistry
• reporting quality
• tooth injuries

As a significantly important part of clinical practice, the professional nursing process can be advanced in many ways. Despite the fact that case reports are regarded to be of a lower quality grade in the hierarchy of evidence, one of the principles of evidence-based medicine is that decision-making should be based on a systematic summary of evidence. However, the evidence on the reporting characteristics of case reports in the nursing field is deficient.

To use the CARE guidelines to assess reporting quality and factors influencing the quality of case reports in the nursing field.

Nursing science citation indexed (SCI-indexed) journals were identified from the professional website. Each of the identified journals was searched on their website for articles published before December 2017. Twenty-one sub-items on the CARE checklist were recorded as “YES”, “PARTLY”, or “NO” according to information reported by the included studies. The responses were assigned corresponding scores of 1, 0.5, and 0, respectively. The overall score was the sum of the 21 sub-items and was defined as “high” (more than 15), “medium” (10.5 to 14.5), and “low” (less than 10). The means, standard deviations, odds ratios (OR), and the associated 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined using Stata 12.0 software.

Ultimately, 184 case reports from 16 SCI-indexed journals were identified, with overall scores ranging from 6.5 to 18 (mean = 13.6 ± 2.3). Of the included case reports, 10.3% were regarded low-quality, 52.7% were considered middle-quality, and 37% were regarded high-quality. There were statistical differences in the mean overall scores of the included case reports with funding versus those without funding (14.2 ± 1.7 vs 13.6 ± 2.4, respectively; P = 0.4456) and journal impact factor < 1.8 versus impact factor ≥ 1.8 (13.3 ± 2.3 vs 13.6 ± 2.4, respectively; P = 0.4977). Five items from the CARE guidelines, 5a (Patient), 6 (Clinical findings), 8c (Diagnostic reasoning), 9 (Therapeutic intervention), and 11d (The main take-away lessons) were well-reported (Reporting rate more than 90%) in most of the included case reports. However, only three items, 2 (Keywords, OR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.19-0.92, P = 0.03), 4 (Introduction, OR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.15-0.83, P = 0.017), and 11b (The relevant medical literature, OR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.06-0.56, P = 0.003) were considered better-reported after the CARE guidelines published in 2013.

The reporting quality of case reports in the nursing field apparently has not improved since the publication of the CARE guidelines.

• Systematic review
• Case reports
• Case report guidelines
• Nursing
• Reporting quality
• Science citation indexed journals

• Drug safety
• Pharmacoepidemiology
• Pharmacovigilance
• Population databases

• epidemiology

• epidemiology

• CARE (CAse REports) guidelines
• acupuncture therapy
• case reports
• reporting guideline

• Acupuncture Therapy
• Practice Guidelines as Topic
• Research Report/standards

• CARE guideline
• Case report
• Case study
• EQUATOR network
• Health research reporting guidelines
• N-of-1
• Timelines

• Checklist
• Guidelines as Topic
• Humans
• Medical Records
• Writing/standards

• 16895 Cancer Research UK

• adverse drug reactions
• case reports
• drug–device interactions
• drug–drug interactions
• drug–food interactions
• drug–herb interactions
• reporting guidelines

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has developed as the dominant paradigm of assessment of evidence that is used in clinical practice. Since its development, EBM has been applied to integrate the best available research into diagnosis and treatment with the purpose of improving patient care. In the EBM era, a hierarchy of evidence has been proposed, including various types of research methods, such as meta-analysis (MA), systematic review (SRV), randomized controlled trial (RCT), case report (CR), practice guideline (PGL), and so on. Although there are numerous studies examining the impact and importance of specific cases of EBM in clinical practice, there is a lack of research quantitatively measuring publication trends in the growth and development of EBM. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis was constructed to determine the scientific productivity of EBM research over decades.

NCBI PubMed database was used to search, retrieve and classify publications according to research method and year of publication. Joinpoint regression analysis was undertaken to analyze trends in research productivity and the prevalence of individual research methods.

Analysis indicates that MA and SRV, which are classified as the highest ranking of evidence in the EBM, accounted for a relatively small but auspicious number of publications. For most research methods, the annual percent change (APC) indicates a consistent increase in publication frequency. MA, SRV and RCT show the highest rate of publication growth in the past twenty years. Only controlled clinical trials (CCT) shows a non-significant reduction in publications over the past ten years.

Higher quality research methods, such as MA, SRV and RCT, are showing continuous publication growth, which suggests an acknowledgement of the value of these methods. This study provides the first quantitative assessment of research method publication trends in EBM.

• Biomedical Research/methods
• Biomedical Research/trends
• Evidence-Based Medicine/methods
• Evidence-Based Medicine/trends
• Humans

The clinical case report has a long-standing tradition in the medical literature. While its scientific significance has become smaller as more advanced research methods have gained ground, case reports are still presented in many medical journals. Some scholars point to its limited value for medical progress, while others assert that the genre is undervalued. We aimed to present the various points of view regarding the merits and limitations of the case report genre. We searched Google Scholar, PubMed and select textbooks on epidemiology and medical research for articles and book-chapters discussing the merits and limitations of clinical case reports and case series.

The major merits of case reporting were these: Detecting novelties, generating hypotheses, pharmacovigilance, high applicability when other research designs are not possible to carry out, allowing emphasis on the narrative aspect (in-depth understanding), and educational value. The major limitations were: Lack of ability to generalize, no possibility to establish cause-effect relationship, danger of over-interpretation, publication bias, retrospective design, and distraction of reader when focusing on the unusual.

Despite having lost its central role in medical literature in the 20th century, the genre still appears popular. It is a valuable part of the various research methods, especially since it complements other approaches. Furthermore, it also contributes in areas of medicine that are not specifically research-related, e.g. as an educational tool. Revision of the case report genre has been attempted in order to integrate the biomedical model with the narrative approach, but without significant success. The future prospects of the case report could possibly be in new applications of the genre, i.e. exclusive case report databases available online, and open access for clinicians and researchers.

• adverse reaction
• case report
• psychotropic drugs

• crohn’s disease
• hepatosplenic t-cell lymphoma
• causality assessment
• adverse event reporting
• case reports
• systematic reviews

Open-access publishing, which removes monetary and legal restrictions from Internet reading, provides benefits for readers and publishers alike. Radiology Case Reports has used an open-access publishing model from its inception.

Case reports remain an invaluable resource in the literature, and they continue to serve an equally important role in scientific advancement. They record discoveries, report the unexpected, and spark further research. Preparation of a case report can be a great learning experience, especially for medical students, residents, and young physicians. It serves as an excellent introduction to academic writing, familiarizing them with all aspects of publishing, from a structured case presentation and literature review to submitting and revising a manuscript. It can also stimulate an interest in a specific topic and gradually lead to more involved and complex academic endeavors.

• Herbal Medicine
• Humans
• Phytotherapy/adverse effects
• Plant Extracts/adverse effects
• Publishing/standards

• toxicology
• evidence
• treatment
• recommendations

• Animals
• Evidence-Based Medicine
• Humans
• Poisoning/therapy
• Toxicology

• K08 DA020573 NIDA NIH HHS
• K08DA020573 NIDA NIH HHS

• Adult
• Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems
• Female
• Guidelines as Topic
• Humans
• Male
• Medicine, Chinese Traditional/adverse effects
• Middle Aged

• Codes of Ethics
• Critical Care/standards
• Humans
• Intensive Care Units/standards
• Safety

• Bibliometrics
• Deception
• Emergency Medicine
• Evidence-Based Medicine
• Periodicals as Topic
• Publishing/standards
• Quality Control
• Retrospective Studies

• K08 DA020573 NIDA NIH HHS
• DA020573 NIDA NIH HHS

Iveta Simera and colleagues survey the authors of 37 guidelines on reporting health research.

• Data Collection/standards
• Guidelines as Topic
• Information Storage and Retrieval
• Internet
• Publishing/standards
• Research/standards
• Research Design
• Surveys and Questionnaires

• Cancer Research UK

• Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems/standards
• Aged
• Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
• Diagnosis, Differential
• Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/chemically induced
• Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/diagnosis
• Humans
• Liver Diseases/diagnosis
• Male
• Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage
• Publishing/standards

• Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems/standards
• Data Collection/statistics & numerical data
• Epidemiologic Methods
• Humans
• Information Storage and Retrieval/statistics & numerical data
• Periodicals as Topic/standards
• Product Surveillance, Postmarketing

• Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems
• Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
• Humans
• Information Dissemination
• Medical Records

• Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use
• Cosmetics
• Dermatologic Agents/therapeutic use
• Drug Approval
• Drug Industry
• Drug Labeling
• Humans
• Pharmaceutical Preparations
• Physicians
• Product Surveillance, Postmarketing
• Propofol/therapeutic use
• United States
• United States Food and Drug Administration

• Diffusion of Innovation
• Empirical Research
• Evidence-Based Medicine/organization & administration
• Humans
• Information Storage and Retrieval
• Information Systems
• Knowledge
• Organizational Culture
• Organizational Innovation
• Professional Practice/organization & administration
• Staff Development/organization & administration