Jackstone calculi are a rare and distinctive type of urinary stone characterized by their radiating spicule structure. They are primarily found in the bladder, and also occur in the renal pelvis. Because jackstone calculi are infrequently encountered in clinical practice, studies on their pathophysiology and clinical implications are relatively limited. This systematic scoping review aims to consolidate existing knowledge, find the deficiencies of current research, and provide a reference for further research. A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed and Embase databases with the terms "Jackstone" and "jack stone[Title/Abstract]". The search strategy employed was: (jack stone[Title/Abstract]) OR (Jackstone) NOT (dog). And a dual-review process was used to screen titles and abstracts, resulting in 15 articles meeting the inclusion criteria for this review. The selected studies provided insights into the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, and management of jackstone calculi. These stones typically exhibit a protein-rich, X-ray lucent core surrounded by concentric layers of calcium oxalate monohydrate.Common clinical symptoms include pain, hematuria, and urinary obstruction. Diagnostic imaging, particularly CT scans, is crucial for identifying these stones. The treatment of jackstone should pay attention to that it may be a Secondary outcome.Jackstone calculi, while rare, present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their distinct structure and formation mechanisms. This review consolidates current knowledge and underscores the need for further research to better understand their pathophysiology and optimize management strategies. Identifying and addressing these gaps will enhance clinical outcomes and patient care.

Jackstone is a rare entity of calculi in urinary tracts and has the characteristic appearance resembling toy jacks. They are nearly always reported to occur in the urinary bladder, we first report a rare case of jackstone located in the obstructed renal calyx.

We report a 46-year-old man presenting with intermittent, painless gross hematuria and left flank pain. Urinary computed tomography revealed staghorn stones and secondary hydronephrosis. A jackstone with radiating branches was found in one of the dilated renal calyx. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed and endoscopic images were recorded during the operation. Postoperative stone composition analysis revealed it as calcium oxalate monohydrate stones.

Jackstones can occur in the renal collecting system besides the bladder. The unique appearance and imaging manifestations are the most important factors in the diagnosis of jackstones, and further exploration of the formation mechanism is required.