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Pavek KU, Cho H, Steege LM. Psychometrics of the Revised Nursing Stress Scale. Res Nurs Health 2024; 47:648-658. [PMID: 39113631 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/14/2024]
Abstract
Occupational stress is one of the most impactful issues that nurses face, and it is critical to have instruments that can accurately measure occupational stress. However, existing widely used stress measures do not adequately reflect occupational stress in current practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a revised occupational stress measure, the Revised Nursing Stress Scale. Reliability and validity were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and divergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated acceptable fit. All nine subscales had acceptable internal consistency reliability (αs ≥ 0.73 and ω ≥ 0.80). Convergent validity (r = 0.530, p < 0.01) and divergent validity (r = <0.30, 95% confidence intervals ranging from [-0.39 to -0.14] to [-0.32 to -0.06]) provided support for the scale. The Revised Nursing Stress Scale is an updated valid and reliable measure that is recommended for use when measuring occupational stress in hospital-based nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie U Pavek
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hyeonmi Cho
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Linsey M Steege
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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2
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Antonelli M, Fasano F, Veronesi L, Donelli D, Vitale M, Pasquarella C. Balneotherapy and cortisol levels: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:1909-1922. [PMID: 38884799 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The main objective of this review is to examine the impact of balneotherapy on serum and salivary cortisol concentrations. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, and Google Scholar. The databases were screened from inception up until April 2024. After screening the scientific literature, 845 articles were retrieved and 17 studies, involving a total of 765 participants, were eventually included in the review. Among them, four were randomized controlled trials, five were non-randomized studies, and eight were pre-post studies with no control group. The evidence gathered in this review indicates a significant short-term reduction in cortisol levels in healthy individuals undergoing balneotherapy, particularly those experiencing high levels of stress. Conversely, in patients with rheumatic conditions (especially if elderly), increases in cortisol levels induced by balneotherapy can act as beneficial hormetic stress, reducing inflammatory mediators and improving pain and functional quality of life. The meta-analysis shows an overall trend of reduction in stress hormone levels, more pronounced in the intervention group undergoing mud-balneotherapy compared to the control group, a finding that, however, does not reach statistical significance (g=-0.11 [95% CI: -0.30; 0.08]; p > 0.05). Current scientific evidence demonstrates that balneotherapy has a positive impact on the regulation of cortisol levels. The regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the beneficial effects observed on health parameters and quality of life allow mud-balneotherapy to be classified as eustressful stimuli useful in preventing stress-related pathologies in healthy individuals and in alleviating symptoms in patients with chronic conditions. Future research on the topic is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Antonelli
- Department of Public Health, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Via Giovanni Amendola 2, Reggio Emilia, 42122, Italy.
| | - Federica Fasano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Licia Veronesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Donelli
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Italian Foundation for Scientific Research in Balneology (FoRST), Rome, Italy
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3
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Yazıcı-Kabadayı S. Relationships between mental toughness, eustress-distress, and mindfulness in adolescents: A network analysis and mediator model testing. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3480. [PMID: 39264855 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to investigate adolescents' eustress-distress and mindfulness by examining mental toughness (MT) using network and mediator analyses. The study included 414 adolescents. The results showed that MT was positively related to eustress and mindfulness, but distress was negatively related to MT. Based on the network analysis findings, we tested mindfulness' mediating role in the relationship between eustress-distress and MT. The findings showed that mindfulness played a significant mediating role. However, the mediating role of mindfulness was negative for the relationship between distress and toughness and positive for eustress. These findings advance eustress, distress, and mindfulness as mechanisms for understanding the effects of MT. Considering current knowledge of MT, eustress, distress, and mindfulness, the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Yazıcı-Kabadayı
- Faculty of Education, Psychological Counseling and Guidance Program, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Fine A, Snider KM, Miller MK. Testing the model of judicial stress using a COVID-era survey of U.S. federal court personnel. PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2024; 31:381-400. [PMID: 38895725 PMCID: PMC11182057 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2024.2343091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Non-judicial court personnel, critical to a well-functioning justice system, experience overloaded dockets and the responsibility of making significant decisions, contributing to cognitive stress. Understanding and mitigating their stress is essential for maintaining judicial efficiency. We adapted Miller and Richardson's Model of Judicial Stress to assess stress in a broad sample of non-judicial court personnel (n = 122), including judges, lawyers, and administrative staff. Participants responded to surveys about their stress levels, job performance, and health; they also completed cognitive performance tasks. The findings indicated that stress negatively affected employee outcomes including cognitive performance, job performance, job satisfaction, and health outcomes. Notably, perceived job performance had declined compared to the previous year, suggesting that the pandemic was an additional significant stressor. Based on the data, the Model of Judicial Stress is also applicable to other types of courtroom personnel, underlining its relevance across various judicial roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fine
- Interdisciplinary Social Psychology PhD Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Katie M. Snider
- Interdisciplinary Social Psychology PhD Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Monica K. Miller
- Interdisciplinary Social Psychology PhD Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Xi X. Association of the barriers of pharmaceutical care perceived by clinical pharmacists and occupational stress in tertiary hospitals of China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1342565. [PMID: 38655521 PMCID: PMC11035884 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1342565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective As an important member of the healthcare team, clinical pharmacists' occupational stress will lead to a decline in the quality of pharmaceutical care. According to person-environment fit theory, barriers of pharmaceutical care perceived by clinical pharmacists may be a potential factor influencing occupational stress. This study aimed to assess the association between the specific barriers of pharmaceutical care perceived by clinical pharmacists and their occupational stress in China. Method A field-based questionnaire survey of tertiary hospitals was conducted in 31 provincial administrative regions in mainland China using a multi-stage stratified sampling method. Data on occupational stress, barriers of pharmaceutical care perceived by clinical pharmacists and other factors of job stress were collected using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire and a self-administered instrument. The instruments have undergone multiple rounds of pilot investigations, and their reliability is acceptable. Ordinary least squares regression was used to evaluate the association of the perceived barriers and other factors with their occupational stress. Result A total of 625 clinical pharmacists from 311 tertiary hospitals in China (response rate = 84%) participated. Perceived resource dimension barriers (p = 0.00) and self-improvement dimension barriers (p = 0.01) were associated with increased occupational stress of the participants. In addition, clinical pharmacists with senior professional titles and engaged in neurology and ICU have higher occupational stress. Conclusion By removing barriers to pharmacists' resources and self-improvement, it is possible to better meet the work needs of clinical pharmacists and may effectively reduce occupational stress, thereby improving the quality of pharmaceutical services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoyu Xi
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Drug Regulatory Innovation and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Sarhan AL. The relationship of smartphone addiction with depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241227367. [PMID: 38313469 PMCID: PMC10838039 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241227367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction An increasing amount of research has shown a link between psychopathological behaviors such as smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety, and stress. The aim of this study was to assess the association of smartphone addiction with depression, anxiety, and stress. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between 26th January and 3rd March 2021. The sample was chosen using a convenient sampling technique and Raosoft tool. The survey assessed smartphone addiction using abbreviated versions of the Addiction Scale Short Version, a self-administered questionnaire that has been validated in the English and Arabic languages. Also, Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale was used to measure the level of depression, anxiety, and stress among the university students. Results A total of 367 university students from the Medical and Health Sciences College participated. Our findings showed that smartphone addiction exhibited positive correlations with depression (r = 0.375, p < 0.01), anxiety (r = 0.253, p < 0.01), and stress (r = 0.328, p < 0.05). In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between depression and both anxiety and stress (r = 0.731, p < 0.01) (r = 0.778, p < 0.01), respectively. Finally, stress and anxiety showed a positive correlation (r = 0.708, p < 0.01). Conclusion When combined, our data offer strong support for a bidirectional hybrid theory that takes into account the link between smartphone addiction and depression, anxiety, and stress. The current study's findings might assist national health authorities in strengthening their efforts to prevent depression, anxiety, and stress associated with the use of modern technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Lutfi Sarhan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Antipas H. Interventions for mitigating occupational stress for professional dementia caregivers in residential aged care: A systematic review with meta-analysis. DEMENTIA 2024; 23:292-311. [PMID: 38069510 PMCID: PMC10807264 DOI: 10.1177/14713012231220963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Occupational stress in professional dementia caregivers in residential aged care facilities has adverse effects on care quality, caregivers' health, and workforce sustainability. The purpose of this study was to examine the evidence regarding interventions to mitigate occupational stress for this population. METHODS A systematic review of CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted to identify original RCT research reporting on stress interventions, published in English between 1995 and March 2022. Search results were screened by two independent reviewers. Quality and risk of bias were appraised using the Downs and Black Checklist and Risk of Bias by two reviewers. Meta-analysis and subgroup analysis examined the pooled intervention effects on stress compared to control. RESULTS 10 studies met the inclusion criteria, and these reported on 15 interventions and 28 outcomes from 92 facilities, involving 1,397 caregivers. We found a small and insignificant effect of interventions on caregiver stress (g = -.27, p = .16). Heterogeneity was partially explained by subgroup analysis. Interventions can mitigate stress and burden not attributed to client behaviour (n = 3) (g = -.85, p < .001), and improve caregivers' self-efficacy (n = 4) (g = -.35, p = .07). We were unable to determine the most effective type of intervention, although organisation focused interventions showed the greatest potential (g = -.58, p = .08). CONCLUSION Interventions that improve caregivers' personal and organisational resources can reduce non-client associated stress and burden and increase self-efficacy. Aged care providers are recommended to prioritise education with organisational support interventions. Research on longitudinal effects and high-risk caregivers is required. Limitations are discussed. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022313715 (registered April 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Antipas
- Creative Arts and Music Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Fine Arts and Music, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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Oikonomou V, Gkintoni E, Halkiopoulos C, Karademas EC. Quality of Life and Incidence of Clinical Signs and Symptoms among Caregivers of Persons with Mental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:269. [PMID: 38275549 PMCID: PMC10815690 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caring for individuals with mental disorders poses significant challenges for caregivers, often leading to compromised quality of life and mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression. This study aims to assess the extent of these challenges among caregivers in Greece, identifying which demographic factors influence their well-being. METHOD A total of 157 caregivers were surveyed using the SF-12 Health Survey for quality-of-life assessment and the DASS-21 questionnaire for evaluating stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. t-tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and regression analyses were applied to understand the associations between demographics, quality of life, and mental health outcomes. RESULTS The study found that caregivers, especially women and younger individuals, faced high levels of mental health challenges. Marital status, educational level, and employment status also significantly influenced caregivers' well-being. Depression was the most significant factor negatively correlating with the mental component of quality of life. The magnitude of the burden experienced by caregivers highlighted the urgency for targeted social and financial support, as well as strategic treatment programs that consider caregiver well-being. CONCLUSIONS Caregivers of individuals with mental disorders endure significant stress, anxiety, and depression, influencing their quality of life. Demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status, education, and employment status have notable impacts. Findings emphasize the need for society-wide recognition of caregivers' roles and the creation of comprehensive support and intervention programs to alleviate their burden, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Oikonomou
- School of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patras, Greece; (V.O.); (E.C.K.)
| | - Evgenia Gkintoni
- Department of Psychiatry, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Evangelos C. Karademas
- School of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patras, Greece; (V.O.); (E.C.K.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, 74100 Rethymnon, Greece
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Otu MS, Sefotho MM. Use of cognitive-behavioral career coaching to reduce work anxiety and depression in public employees. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:322-334. [PMID: 38313658 PMCID: PMC10835679 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i2.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public employees worldwide are increasingly concerned about work anxiety and depression. Cognitive-behavioral career coaching has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing these mental health disorders, which can negatively impact on a person's overall well-being and performance. AIM To examine whether cognitive-behavioral career coaching reduces work anxiety and depression among Nigerian public employees. METHODS A total of 120 public employees (n = 60) suffering from severe anxiety and depression were randomly assigned to the treatment or control groups in this study. Cognitive behavioral coaching was provided twice a week to those in the treatment group, whereas no treatment was given to those in the control group. As part of the study, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scales and Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect data. RESULTS Analysis of covariance of the data from participants indicates a significant effect of cognitive-behavioral career coaching on work anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION Insights into the underlying mechanisms by which cognitive behavior career coaching exerts its effects have been gained from this study. Also, the study has gathered valuable data that can inform future practice and guide the development of strategies for supporting mental health at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mkpoikanke Sunday Otu
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Maximus Monaheng Sefotho
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, Gauteng, South Africa
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10
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Awada M, Becerik Gerber B, Lucas GM, Roll SC. Stress appraisal in the workplace and its associations with productivity and mood: Insights from a multimodal machine learning analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296468. [PMID: 38165898 PMCID: PMC10760677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have primarily focused on predicting stress arousal, encompassing physiological, behavioral, and psychological responses to stressors, while neglecting the examination of stress appraisal. Stress appraisal involves the cognitive evaluation of a situation as stressful or non-stressful, and as a threat/pressure or a challenge/opportunity. In this study, we investigated several research questions related to the association between states of stress appraisal (i.e., boredom, eustress, coexisting eustress-distress, distress) and various factors such as stress levels, mood, productivity, physiological and behavioral responses, as well as the most effective ML algorithms and data signals for predicting stress appraisal. The results support the Yerkes-Dodson law, showing that a moderate stress level is associated with increased productivity and positive mood, while low and high levels of stress are related to decreased productivity and negative mood, with distress overpowering eustress when they coexist. Changes in stress appraisal relative to physiological and behavioral features were examined through the lenses of stress arousal, activity engagement, and performance. An XGBOOST model achieved the best prediction accuracies of stress appraisal, reaching 82.78% when combining physiological and behavioral features and 79.55% using only the physiological dataset. The small accuracy difference of 3% indicates that physiological data alone may be adequate to accurately predict stress appraisal, and the feature importance results identified electrodermal activity, skin temperature, and blood volume pulse as the most useful physiologic features. Implementing these models within work environments can serve as a foundation for designing workplace policies, practices, and stress management strategies that prioritize the promotion of eustress while reducing distress and boredom. Such efforts can foster a supportive work environment to enhance employee well-being and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Awada
- Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Burcin Becerik Gerber
- Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gale M. Lucas
- USC Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shawn C. Roll
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Hancock J, Sirbu C, Kerr PL. Depression, Cancer, Inflammation, and Endogenous Opioids: Pathogenic Relationships and Therapeutic Options. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 35:435-451. [PMID: 38874735 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45493-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous opioids and their associated receptors form a system that maintains survival by positively reinforcing behaviors that are vital to life. Cancer and cancer treatment side effects capitalize on this system pathogenically, leading to maladaptive biological responses (e.g., inflammation), as well as cognitive and emotional consequences, most notably depression. Psychologists who treat people with cancer frequently find depression to be a primary target for intervention. However, in people with cancer, the etiology of depression is unique and complex. This complexity necessitates that psycho-oncologists have a fundamental working knowledge of the biological substrates that underlie depression/cancer comorbidity. Building on other chapters in this volume pertaining to cancer and endogenous opioids, this chapter focuses on the clinical applications of basic scientific findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hancock
- Center for Cancer Research, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV, USA.
| | - Cristian Sirbu
- Center for Cancer Research, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Patrick L Kerr
- West Virginia University School of Medicine-Charleston, Charleston, WV, USA
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12
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D Fleming M. Globalizing transit worker stress. Anthropol Med 2023; 30:330-345. [PMID: 38148591 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2023.2246265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Health scientists have claimed that urban transit workers suffer from higher rates of stress-related disease than workers in most other occupations. This paper examines how a network of scientists and labor organizers constructed the problem of transit worker stress as a global phenomenon. According to study participants, transit workers worldwide are subject to a similar set of stress-related risks, which can serve as a basis for worker solidarity. This paper analyzes how the concept of stress has been used to identify pathogenic environments and considers anthropological claims that the concept often abstracts and depoliticizes harmful arrangements. The findings show that scientists and labor organizers use the stress concept to construct a figure of a universally at-risk transit worker that serves the ends of transnational labor organizing. At the same time, by focusing on the case of San Francisco's transit workers, this analysis shows that a persistent association between stress and 'hard work'-in both lay and scientific discourses-may block recognition of stress-related harms for transit workers who are accused of being lazy and overpaid.
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Awada M, Becerik-Gerber B, Lucas G, Roll SC. Predicting Office Workers' Productivity: A Machine Learning Approach Integrating Physiological, Behavioral, and Psychological Indicators. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8694. [PMID: 37960394 PMCID: PMC10647707 DOI: 10.3390/s23218694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This research pioneers the application of a machine learning framework to predict the perceived productivity of office workers using physiological, behavioral, and psychological features. Two approaches were compared: the baseline model, predicting productivity based on physiological and behavioral characteristics, and the extended model, incorporating predictions of psychological states such as stress, eustress, distress, and mood. Various machine learning models were utilized and compared to assess their predictive accuracy for psychological states and productivity, with XGBoost emerging as the top performer. The extended model outperformed the baseline model, achieving an R2 of 0.60 and a lower MAE of 10.52, compared to the baseline model's R2 of 0.48 and MAE of 16.62. The extended model's feature importance analysis revealed valuable insights into the key predictors of productivity, shedding light on the role of psychological states in the prediction process. Notably, mood and eustress emerged as significant predictors of productivity. Physiological and behavioral features, including skin temperature, electrodermal activity, facial movements, and wrist acceleration, were also identified. Lastly, a comparative analysis revealed that wearable devices (Empatica E4 and H10 Polar) outperformed workstation addons (Kinect camera and computer-usage monitoring application) in predicting productivity, emphasizing the potential utility of wearable devices as an independent tool for assessment of productivity. Implementing the model within smart workstations allows for adaptable environments that boost productivity and overall well-being among office workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Awada
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Burcin Becerik-Gerber
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Gale Lucas
- USC Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Shawn C. Roll
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
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14
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Awada M, Becerik-Geber B, Lucas GM, Roll SC, Liu R. A New Perspective on Stress Detection: An Automated Approach for Detecting Eustress and Distress. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AFFECTIVE COMPUTING 2023; 15:1153-1165. [PMID: 39421725 PMCID: PMC11485284 DOI: 10.1109/taffc.2023.3324910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have solely focused on establishing Machine Learning (ML) models for automated detection of stress arousal. However, these studies do not recognize stress appraisal and presume stress is a negative mental state. Yet, stress can be classified according to its influence on individuals; the way people perceive a stressor determines whether the stress reaction is considered as eustress (positive stress) or distress (negative stress). Thus, this study aims to assess the potential of using an ML approach to determine stress appraisal and identify eustress and distress instances using physiological and behavioral features. The results indicate that distress leads to higher perceived stress arousal compared to eustress. An XGBoost model that combined physiological and behavioral features using a 30 second time window had 83.38% and 78.79% F1-scores for predicting eustress and distress, respectively. Gender-based models resulted in an average increase of 2-4% in eustress and distress prediction accuracy. Finally, a model to predict the simultaneous assessment of eustress and distress, distinguishing between pure eustress, pure distress, eustress-distress coexistence, and the absence of stress achieved a moderate F1-score of 65.12%. The results of this study lay the foundation for work management interventions to maximize eustress and minimize distress in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Awada
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Burcin Becerik-Geber
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gale M Lucas
- 1) Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA; 2) USC Institute for Creative Technologies, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shawn C Roll
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruying Liu
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Mithen LM, Weaver N, Walker FR, Inder KJ. Feasibility of biomarkers to measure stress, burnout and fatigue in emergency nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072668. [PMID: 37643845 PMCID: PMC10465916 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retaining nurses in the workforce is an urgent concern in healthcare. Emergency nurses report high levels of stress and burnout, however, there is no gold standard of how to measure these responses. This study aims to measure stress, burnout, and fatigue in emergency nurses using biomarkers and psychometric instruments. Biomarkers will be used to better understand nurses' levels of stress and burnout and to assess the feasibility of using biomarkers as a viable stress measurement tool in a real-world setting. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A two stage cross-sectional design to measure stress, burnout and fatigue in emergency nurses while they work is proposed. All registered and enrolled nurses working in the emergency department from four hospitals in Australia will be invited to participate. Validated psychometric tools will be used in stage 1 to measure depression, anxiety, acute stress, chronic stress, burnout and fatigue. Biomarkers comprising hair cortisol, saliva alpha amylase and heart rate variability will be collected as an objective measure of stress and burnout in stage 2 over one working shift per participant. Written consent will be sought for stage 2 where nurses will provide one hair sample, wear a heart rate sensor and be asked to collect their saliva at three different time points of one shift. Data analysis will measure the domains of acute stress, chronic stress and burnout and explore relationships and correlation between psychometric measures and biomarkers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Hunter New England Local Health District (approval number: HREC/2020/ETH01684) and University of Newcastle HREC (H-2022-0169). Results will be reported in peer-reviewed publications using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Public dissemination will occur by presenting at conferences and to the participating local health district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda M Mithen
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, HMRI, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha Weaver
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, HMRI, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frederick R Walker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, HMRI, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Training Systems, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerry J Inder
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, HMRI, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Zeladita-Huaman JA, Huyhua-Gutierrez SC, Castillo-Parra H, Zegarra-Chapoñan R, Tejada-Muñoz S, Díaz-Manchay RJ. Technological variables predictors of academic stress in nursing students in times of COVID-19. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2023; 31:e3851. [PMID: 37194890 PMCID: PMC10202226 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6386.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze which technological variables, derived from the use of electronic devices, predict academic stress and its dimensions in Nursing students. METHOD analytical cross-sectional study carried out with a total of 796 students from six universities in Peru. The SISCO scale was used and four logistic regression models were estimated for the analysis, with selection of variables in stages. RESULTS among the participants, 87.6% had a high level of academic stress; time using the electronic device, screen brightness, age and sex were associated with academic stress and its three dimensions; the position of using the electronic device was associated with the total scale and the stressors and reactions dimensions. Finally, the distance between the face and the electronic device was associated with the total scale and size of reactions. CONCLUSION technological variables and sociodemographic characteristics predict academic stress in nursing students. It is suggested to optimize the time of use of computers, regulate the brightness of the screen, avoid sitting in inappropriate positions and pay attention to the distance, in order to reduce academic stress during distance learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henry Castillo-Parra
- Universidad de San Buenaventura, Facultad de Psicología, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Roberto Zegarra-Chapoñan
- Universidad María Auxiliadora, Escuela Profesional de Enfermería, Lima, Lima, Perú
- Ministerio de Salud, Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, Lima, Lima, Perú
| | - Sonia Tejada-Muñoz
- Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Facultad de Ciencia de la Salud, Amazonas, Amazonas, Perú
| | - Rosa Jeuna Díaz-Manchay
- Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, Facultad de Medicina, Lambayeque, Lambayeque, Perú
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17
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Lee GH, Jo W, Kang TK, Oh T, Kim K. Assessment of Stress Caused by Environmental Changes for Improving the Welfare of Laboratory Beagle Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1095. [PMID: 36978636 PMCID: PMC10044678 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal stress is influenced by environmental factors, yet only a few studies have evaluated the effects of environmental stress on captive dogs. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of environmental and social enrichment on the stress levels of captive dogs housed in a lab. We assessed stress levels in eight Beagle dogs by measuring their body weight, cortisol levels, a stress hormone, the alkaline phosphatase activity in serum, the number of steps per hour, as well as clinical sign observations in a changed environment for 6 weeks. Four dogs assigned to a control group were raised alone in a relatively narrow place without toys; four dogs assigned to an experimental group were raised together in a relatively large place with toys. The body weight of the control group remained unchanged, while that of the experimental group decreased. Cortisol levels in the control group increased throughout, whereas those in the experimental group increased for up to 2 weeks and decreased thereafter. Consequently, cortisol levels in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group at 6 weeks (p = 0.048). Fighting was observed among the dogs in the experimental group at 3 weeks; thus, one dog was separated from the group. The number of steps per hour was more than twice as high in the experimental than in the control group. Thereby, we determined that social housing, with appropriate companions and environmental enrichment materials, can reduce stress levels in captive dogs more efficiently than in single housing without such materials. Our study provides useful insights for captive animal organizations, such as kenneled dogs' management, to improve animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Hoon Lee
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Woori Jo
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ku Kang
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Oh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - KilSoo Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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18
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Nieves-Vázquez CI, Detrés-Marquéz AC, Torres-Reverón A, Appleyard CB, Llorens-De Jesús AP, Resto IN, López-Rodríguez V, Ramos-Echevarría PM, Castro EM, Flores I. Feasibility and acceptability of an adapted environmental enrichment intervention for endometriosis: A pilot study. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 3:1058559. [PMID: 36683601 PMCID: PMC9846621 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.1058559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We have previously shown that Environmental Enrichment (EE)-consisting of social support, novelty, and open spaces-decreased disease progression and anxiety in a rat model of endometriosis. We developed a novel EE intervention to be tested in a pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) in patients with endometriosis, a painful, stressful disease. Objective To translate and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an adapted EE intervention as an adjuvant to standard-of-care for endometriosis patients. Methods Feasibility was assessed through recruitment, enrollment, and adherence rates. Acceptability was evaluated through a post-intervention survey and focus group discussion 3-months after the end of the intervention. Results Of the 103 subjects recruited, 64 were randomized to the intervention group and 39 to the control group. At the start of the intervention, the study groups consisted of 29 (intervention) and 27 (control) subjects. Enrollment rates were 45.3% and 69.2%, and adherence rates were 41.4% and 100% for the intervention and control groups, respectively. Delays resulting from natural events (earthquakes, the COVID-19 pandemic) impacted enrollment and adherence rates. The most common reasons for missing an intervention were period pain (39.1%) and work-study (34.8%). There was high acceptability (>80%) of the intervention's logistics. The majority (82.4%) of subjects would continue participating in support groups regularly, and 95.7% would recommend the intervention to other patients. Conclusions We showed that EE could be translated into an acceptable integrative multi-modal therapy perceived as valuable among participants who completed the intervention. High attrition/low adherence indicates that additional refinements would be needed to improve feasibility. Acceptability data indicate that EE has the potential to be integrated into the clinical management of patients with endometriosis and other inflammatory, painful disorders. Studies are ongoing to assess the efficacy of EE in improving pain symptoms, mental health, and quality of life (QoL).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annelyn Torres-Reverón
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Science University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Sur180 Therapeutics, LLC, McAllen, TX, United States
| | - Caroline B. Appleyard
- School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Science University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Sur180 Therapeutics, LLC, McAllen, TX, United States
| | | | - Ivana N. Resto
- School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | - Eida M. Castro
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Idhaliz Flores
- School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Science University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Sur180 Therapeutics, LLC, McAllen, TX, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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19
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. A Systematic Review of Heart Rate Variability as a Measure of Stress in Medical Professionals. Cureus 2023; 15:e34345. [PMID: 36865953 PMCID: PMC9974008 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physiological effects of responding to crises is a critical component in understanding how to manage and prepare medical professionals to be crisis responders. Heart rate variability (HRV) is the variation in rate between a succession of R-R intervals. This variation is not only affected by physiological processes such as respiration or metabolic rate but is also directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system. As such, heart rate variability has been proposed as a noninvasive tool to measure the physiological stress response. The aim of this systematic review is to consolidate heart rate variability literature in the context of medical emergencies to determine if heart rate variability changes predictably from baseline when responding to medical crises. This may demonstrate utility as an objective, noninvasive measure of stress response. A systematic literature review of six databases yielded 413 articles, 17 of which met our inclusion criteria of being written in English, measuring HRV in healthcare providers, and measuring HRV in real or simulated medical resuscitations or procedures. Articles were then analyzed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) scoring system. Out of the 17 articles reviewed, 11 demonstrated statistically significant results showing heart rate variability responding in a predictable manner to stress. Three articles utilized a medical simulation as the stressor, six used medical procedures, and eight used medical emergencies encountered during clinical work. Overall, a predictable trend in heart rate variability metrics of standard deviation from the mean value of normal-to-normal (N-N) intervals (SDNN), root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), mean number of times per time interval in which the change in successive normal sinus (N-N) intervals exceeds 50 ms (PNN50), low frequency % (LF%), and low-frequency-to-high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) was observed when responding to stress. This systematic literature review showed that heart rate variability among healthcare providers responding to stressful scenarios follows a predictable pattern of change and expands our understanding of the physiology of stress in healthcare providers. This review supports the use of HRV to monitor stress during high-fidelity simulation to ensure that appropriate physiological arousal is achieved during the training of medical personnel.
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20
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Gong W, Geertshuis SA. Distress and eustress: an analysis of the stress experiences of offshore international students. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1144767. [PMID: 37213394 PMCID: PMC10196380 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1144767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The popularity of online learning provides higher education institutions with opportunities to deliver remote educational programs for international students who remain in their home countries but enroll in overseas universities. Yet the voices of offshore international students (OISs) have been rarely heard. This study focuses on the stress experiences of OISs, aiming to investigate the perception of stressors, specific responses, and stress management strategies pertaining to distress (negative stress) and eustress (positive stress). Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted in two phases with 18 Chinese postgraduate OISs enrolled in a range of institutions and disciplines. Interviews took place online and were analyzed thematically to explore participants' experiences. Results Stress was found to originate from both socially- and task-based factors, closely related to participants' need to integrate into their on-campus community and gain useful knowledge and skills. Particular sources of stress were associated with distinct perceptions and subsequent responses and management strategies. Discussion A summarizing theoretical model is offered to highlight the separate construct of distress and eustress, indicating tentative causal relationships to extend existing stress models to an educational context and provide new insights into OISs. Practical implications are identified and recommendations are provided for policy-makers, teachers, and students.
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21
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Zhuo S, Biddle R, Koh YS, Lottridge D, Russello G. SoK: Human-Centered Phishing Susceptibility. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PRIVACY AND SECURITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1145/3575797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phishing is recognized as a serious threat to organizations and individuals. While there have been significant technical advances in blocking phishing attacks, end users remain the last line of defence after phishing emails reach their email inboxes. Most of the existing literature on this subject has focused on the technical aspects related to phishing. The factors that cause humans to be susceptible to phishing attacks are still not well-understood. To fill this gap, we reviewed the available literature and systematically categorised the phishing susceptibility variables studied. We classify variables based on their temporal scope which led us to propose a three-stage Phishing Susceptibility Model (PSM) for explaining how humans are vulnerable to phishing attacks. This model reveals several research gaps that need to be addressed to understand and improve protection against phishing susceptibility. Our review also systematizes existing studies by their sample size and generalizability, and further suggests a practical impact assessment of the value of studying variables: some more easily lead to improvements than others. We believe that this paper can provide guidelines for future phishing susceptibility research to improve experiment design and the quality of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Biddle
- University of Auckland, New Zealand and Carleton University, Canada
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22
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Sánchez-Reolid R, López de la Rosa F, Sánchez-Reolid D, López MT, Fernández-Caballero A. Machine Learning Techniques for Arousal Classification from Electrodermal Activity: A Systematic Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22228886. [PMID: 36433482 PMCID: PMC9695360 DOI: 10.3390/s22228886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This article introduces a systematic review on arousal classification based on electrodermal activity (EDA) and machine learning (ML). From a first set of 284 articles searched for in six scientific databases, fifty-nine were finally selected according to various criteria established. The systematic review has made it possible to analyse all the steps to which the EDA signals are subjected: acquisition, pre-processing, processing and feature extraction. Finally, all ML techniques applied to the features of these signals for arousal classification have been studied. It has been found that support vector machines and artificial neural networks stand out within the supervised learning methods given their high-performance values. In contrast, it has been shown that unsupervised learning is not present in the detection of arousal through EDA. This systematic review concludes that the use of EDA for the detection of arousal is widely spread, with particularly good results in classification with the ML methods found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sánchez-Reolid
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Neurocognition and Emotion Unit, Instituto de Investigación en Informática, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Sánchez-Reolid
- Neurocognition and Emotion Unit, Instituto de Investigación en Informática, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - María T. López
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Neurocognition and Emotion Unit, Instituto de Investigación en Informática, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Caballero
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Neurocognition and Emotion Unit, Instituto de Investigación en Informática, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Center in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28016 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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23
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Saidy J, Garanti Z, Sadaka R. Technostress Creators and Job Performance Among Frontliners: Theorizing the Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy. Front Psychol 2022; 13:827027. [PMID: 35846665 PMCID: PMC9278755 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.827027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Technostress is evolving as an imperative area of academic research amid the "new normal" settings of working remotely. Research has investigated the relationships between technostress and job outcomes and proposed individual- and organizational-level approaches to manage it. However, insights into the influence of dynamic personality differences on this relationship are limited. This study ties the concept of self-efficacy to the transactional model of stress and coping, and investigates to what extent computer and social self-efficacy moderate the relationships between technostress creators and frontline employee's job performance. Findings shift the focus from the negative aspects of technostress and outcomes to both positive and negative aspects. This study's contributions and implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Saidy
- Department of Business Administration, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Zanete Garanti
- Department of Business, City Unity College Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Richard Sadaka
- Department of Economics and Business Administration, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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24
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Van Slyke C, Clary G, Tazkarji M. Distress, Eustress, and Continuance Intentions for Distance Learners. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08874417.2022.2037477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grant Clary
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA
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25
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Pluut H, Curșeu PL, Fodor OC. Development and Validation of a Short Measure of Emotional, Physical, and Behavioral Markers of Eustress and Distress (MEDS). Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020339. [PMID: 35206953 PMCID: PMC8872528 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the results of three validation studies for a short measure of emotional, physical, and behavioral markers of eustress and distress as they occur when individuals encounter stressful events in academic and organizational settings. Given the importance of the distinction between “positive” and “negative” stress as well as the recent resurgence of research exploring the differences between challenge and hindrance stress and between eustress and distress, it is important to put forward a short, validated scale that evaluates these constructs. Our short measure—the MEDS—therefore has important theoretical as well as practical implications. By showing that the eustress and distress subscales have adequate internal consistency and good construct and criterion validity, we open new avenues for research that extends our knowledge and understanding of the antecedents and consequences of eustress and distress. We also discuss appropriate uses of the scale in educational and organizational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Pluut
- Department of Business Studies, Leiden University, 2311 ES Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Petru L. Curșeu
- Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Organization, Open Universiteit, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Oana C. Fodor
- Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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26
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Ikhide JE, Timur AT, Ogunmokun OA. Journalists as first responders: a new perspective on emotional labour and initiative taking in crises. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2022.2032266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Eyore Ikhide
- Department of Business Administration, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Timur
- Department of Business Administration, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Oluwatobi A. Ogunmokun
- Department of Business Administration, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
- Rabat Business School, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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27
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Development of a Conceptual Model of Occupational Stress for Athletic Directors in Sport Contexts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010516. [PMID: 35010776 PMCID: PMC8744908 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that occupational stress is a determinant risk factor for both chronic diseases and job performance among organizational leaders. Every occupation has its own culture and occupational climate influencing organizations within the industries. Thus, due to the idiosyncratic features inherent in sports, athletic directors may experience different occupational stressors. To date, there has been no comprehensive review of the occupational stress in athletic director contexts. Thus, based on the literature on both occupational stress and sport leadership, this study proposes a conceptual framework of occupational stress in sport leadership. The model identifies the five higher-order themes of occupational stressors and their associations with the first-level outcomes of individuals and the second-level outcomes of organizations. It also includes the two higher-order moderators of personal and organizational factors. It is hoped that this initiative can invoke interest in this topic to provide health-enhancing environments for athletic directors and quality sport services to society.
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28
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Navarro Prados AB, Jiménez García‐Tizón S, Meléndez JC. Sense of coherence and burnout in nursing home workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:244-252. [PMID: 33894094 PMCID: PMC8250978 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Care staff in nursing homes work in a challenging environment, and the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated those challenges in an unprecedented way. On the other hand, the sense of coherence (SOC) is a competence that could help these professionals perceive the situation as understandable, manageable and meaningful. This study aims to analyse the extent to which potential risk and protective factors against burnout have affected nursing home workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess the contribution of these factors to their burnout. Three hundred forty professionals who worked in nursing homes in Spain completed a survey and reported on their sociodemographic characteristics and their organisational characteristics of the job related to COVID-19, SOC and burnout. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. The results showed that the SOC is highly related to the dimensions of burnout and is a protective factor against this. In addition, the increase in hours has a negative effect, facilitating inadequate responses to stressful situations; and whereas perceived social support and availability of resources have a protective effect, the deterioration in mental and physical health is the most important risk factor. This study could help better understand the psychological consequences of the effort that nursing home workers and can also help design mental health prevention and care interventions for workers that provide them with resources and supports that foster their coping skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Navarro Prados
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la EducaciónFacultad de PsicologíaUniversidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Sara Jiménez García‐Tizón
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la EducaciónFacultad de PsicologíaUniversidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Juan Carlos Meléndez
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la EducaciónFacultad de PsicologíaUniversidad de ValenciaValenciaSpain
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29
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Issa H, Dakroub R, Lakkis H, Jaber J. Techno-Eustress and Techno-Distress. INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4018/irmj.314575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The metaverse is emerging as a novel research frontier and a breakthrough technology across numerous markets and industries. Yet, due to its novelty, we know little about the users' behavioral responses toward such a disruptive innovation. Through the theoretical perspective of the extended model of occupational stress, this study empirically examines the effects of technostressors on techno-eustress and techno-distress, with the locus of control as a moderator in the context of the metaverse. Data were collected on 134 participants from multiple business schools in France who participated in the e-survey. The authors prefer to approach the metaverse from a user's (consumer's) perspective rather an employee's. Consequently, big tech companies can better understand how their innovative products or services are perceived by their customers, which leads to further enhancements and upgrades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmi Issa
- CEREN EA 7477, Burgundy School of Business, Université Bourgogne Franche‐Comté, Dijon, France
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The infamous “Like” feature - A neuro perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN INTERACTION 2022. [DOI: 10.4018/ijthi.299073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With the recent rise of excessive use of social media and its damaging effects, there is an urgent need to systematically recognize how users behave towards the “Like” button, which has been considered the most toxic feature on social media. To date, scholars know little about the neurophysiological responses of users towards the ‘Like’ feature despite its pervasiveness. Thus, through the lens of cybernetic theory, this research measured user behavior towards the “Like” feature by experimenting with two neuro tools (i.e., electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG) and electroencephalography (EEG)). Sixteen participants, allocated within three separate groups, completed a simple experimental task of ‘’liking’’ content. Unexpectedly, the findings revealed that participants who frequently and infrequently received “Likes” shared similar biometrics (i.e., high neurophysiological activities). Furthermore, this research raised concerns over the underlying AI algorithms related to recommendation engines/systems.
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Shirish A, Chandra S, Srivastava SC. Switching to online learning during COVID-19: Theorizing the role of IT mindfulness and techno eustress for facilitating productivity and creativity in student learning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ul Hassan FS, Ikramullah M, Iqbal MZ. Workplace bullying and turnover intentions of nurses: the multi-theoretic perspective of underlying mechanisms in higher-order moderated-serial-mediation model. J Health Organ Manag 2021; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 34469664 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-12-2020-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines the relationship between workplace bullying (WPB) and the turnover intentions (TIs) of nurses, both directly and indirectly, i.e. through serial mediation of psychological contract violation (PCV) and poor employee wellbeing (EWB). And that with the moderating effect of servant leadership (SL) on its final path to TIs of nurses. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH A total of 285 nurses voluntarily participated in the survey through convenient sampling from 13 different district hospitals. The authors performed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the study's measurement and structural models. FINDINGS Overall, results indicated 62% prevalence rate of WPB and TIs of nurses had 67% variance explained by the exogenous factors. Workplace bullying was found to have direct as well as indirect relationship with TIs of nurses. For the latter, PCV and poor EWB were found to have partially mediated, both singly and serially. The moderating effect of SL on the serial mediation pathway was negative and significant. ORIGINALITY/VALUE Drawing on a tripartite theoretical perspective, this study illuminates the mechanism underlying WPB-TIs relationship with an advanced multivariate statistical technique in the nursing work setting in a developing country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqir Sajjad Ul Hassan
- Department of Management Sciences, Khushal Khan Khattak University Karak, Karak, Pakistan
| | - Malik Ikramullah
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid Iqbal
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Conscientiousness in Pilots Correlates with Electrodermal Stability: Study on Simulated Flights under Social Stress. SAFETY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/safety7020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For pilots, the capacity to cope with anxiety is crucial during a flight since they may be confronted with stressful situations. According to the Big Five Inventory, this capacity can be modulated by two important personality traits: conscientiousness and neuroticism. The former would be related to concentration skills and the latter to the attention bias towards anxiety-provoking stimuli. Given the current development of monitoring systems for detecting the users’ state, which can be incorporated into cockpits, it is desirable to estimate their robustness to inter-individual personality differences. Indeed, several emotion recognition methods are based on physiological responses that can be modulated by specific personality profiles. The personality traits of twenty pilots were assessed. Afterwards, they performed two consecutive simulated flights without and with induced social stress while electrodermal activity was measured. Their subjective anxiety was assessed before the second flight, prior to the stress-induced condition. The results showed that higher scores in neuroticism correlated positively with cognitive and somatic anxiety. Moreover, under social stress, higher scores in conscientiousness correlated positively with electrodermal stability, i.e., a lower number of skin conductance responses. These results on both self-reported and physiological responses are in favor of the integration of personality differences into pilots’ state monitoring.
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Slutter MWJ, Thammasan N, Poel M. Exploring the Brain Activity Related to Missing Penalty Kicks: An fNIRS Study. FRONTIERS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2021.661466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
At vital moments in professional soccer matches, penalties were often missed. Psychological factors, such as anxiety and pressure, are among the critical causes of the mistakes, commonly known as choking under pressure. Nevertheless, the factors have not been fully explored. In this study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the influence of the brain on this process. An in-situ study was set-up (N = 22), in which each participant took 15 penalties under three different pressure conditions: without a goalkeeper, with an amiable goalkeeper, and with a competitive goalkeeper. Both experienced and inexperienced soccer players were recruited, and the brain activation was compared across groups. Besides, fNIRS activation was compared between sessions that participants felt anxious against sessions without anxiety report, and between penalty-scoring and -missing sessions. The results show that the task-relevant brain region, the motor cortex, was more activated when players were not experiencing performance anxiety. The activation of task-irrelevant areas was shown to be related to players experiencing anxiety and missing penalties, especially the prefrontal cortex (PFC). More particularly, an overall higher activation of the PFC and an increase of PFC lateral asymmetry were related to anxious players and missed penalties, which can be caused by players' worries about the consequences of scoring or missing the penalty kicks. When experienced players were feeling anxious, their left temporal cortex activation increased, which could be an indication that experienced overthink the situation and neglect their automated skills. Besides, the left temporal cortex activation is higher when inexperienced players succeeded to score a penalty. Overall, the results of this study are in line with the neural efficiency theory and demonstrate the feasibility and ecological validity to detect neurological clues relevant to anxiety and performance from fNIRS recordings in the field.
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Rudland JR, Jaye C, Tweed M, Wilkinson TJ. Relationships among perceived learning, challenge and affect in a clinical context. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:169. [PMID: 33740954 PMCID: PMC7980332 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Challenge, sometimes perceived as stress, may be beneficial or detrimental to learning but the circumstances when it may be beneficial are not clear. This study looks at the association of challenge with perceived learning and how this might be influenced by affect, context or the type of learning. METHOD The participants, medical students in their first years of experiential clinical exposure, rated specified learning episodes (LEs) on the perceived learning (low to high), challenge (low to high) and affect (feeling positive to negative). Such learning episodes were self-identified or identified by course organisers. Correlations, using Kendall's tau-b test, were conducted to explore the associations among learning, challenge and affect. In the second stage the types of LEs were then thematically classified in order to determine those that were positive for learning and challenging and/or associated with positive affect. RESULT There were positive correlations between perceived learning and challenge, and between perceived learning and affect for both types of LEs. The circumstances in which challenge (stress) promoted learning were authentic environments, authentic tasks and simulated clinical activities; most requiring a degree of social interaction. CONCLUSION Challenge and positive affect are beneficial in the perception of discrete learning, but are two separate constructs. Ideally both challenge and affect need to operate alongside authentic supportive clinical activities, that by their nature involve others, to maximise perceived learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Rudland
- Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Wellington, Education Unit, 23A Mein St, Newtown, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand.
| | - C Jaye
- Department General Practice and Rural Health, University of Otago, Dunedin School of Medicine, Health Sciences, 55 Hanover Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - M Tweed
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, 23A Mein St, Newtown, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - T J Wilkinson
- Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Christchurch, Education Unit, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
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Almogbel Y. The Effect of Occupational Stress on the Quality of Life of Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:643-654. [PMID: 33623454 PMCID: PMC7896766 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s281317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The job of a pharmacist is extremely demanding, and pharmacists play a vital role in improving the success of patients’ treatment plans and disease management outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between pharmacists’ quality of life (QOL) and occupational stress in Saudi Arabia. Methods This was a prospective, paper-based, cross-sectional survey. The World Health Organization Quality of Life – Brief scale (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to evaluate quality of life, and the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) scale was used to assess occupational stress. The two scales were administered to licensed pharmacists working in Saudi Arabia, and demographic data were collected. Descriptive and analytical statistical tests were performed. Multiple linear regression was conducted to evaluate the association between work stress and QOL. Results A total of 371 questionnaires were distributed, and 284 questionnaires were returned. The average age of the participants was 33.4 ± 6.5 years. Most were male (61.2%), married (62.9%), and had children (51.1%). Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant negative relationships between stress (β = -0.454; 95% CI, −0.697 to −0.211) and QOL, and between the presence of chronic diseases (β = 3.779; 95% CI, 0.597 to 6.961) and QOL, when holding other variables constant. Also, a positive association between male sex (β = 3.779; 95% CI, 0.597 to 6.961) and QOL was reported, when other variables were kept constant. Conclusion Occupational stress and the presence of chronic diseases were found to have a negative influence on pharmacists’ QOL, while the male sex was associated with a better QOL. Moreover, QOL was linked to performance. Pharmacists are intensely involved in medication safety (use and administration), which might impact patients (at the micro-level) and the healthcare system (at the macro-level). Therefore, stress control is crucial to improve pharmacists’ QOL and performance in relation to patient health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Almogbel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Williamson MK, Perumal K. Exploring the consequences of person–environment misfit in the workplace: A qualitative study. SA JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v47i0.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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De Dominicis S, Troen ML, Callesen P. Metacognitive Therapy for Work-Related Stress: A Feasibility Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:668245. [PMID: 34135788 PMCID: PMC8202821 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.668245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
About 25% of EU workers experience work-related stress for all or most of their working time, showing that work-related stress is a major cause of health problems for the EU population. This situation has been worsened even more by the COVID-19 restrictions embraced by employers worldwide. However, a timely and sustainable intervention protocol for treating such issues has not been developed yet. Thus, the present research shows a first effective attempt based on Metacognitive therapy (MCT) to solve this issue. MCT was practiced on four individuals suffering from chronic work-related stress. Primary outcome variables were general mental health, perceived stress, and blood pressure. Participants were assessed at multiple baselines before the start of therapy and then attended a 3- and 6-months follow-up after treatment termination. Results showed significant improvements in general mental health, perceived stress, and blood pressure in each client. Secondary outcome variables improved too-maladaptive coping strategies, avoidance behaviors, and depression symptoms-corroborating the main findings. At 3- and 6-month follow-up, results were maintained. The findings suggest that MCT might be a promising and sustainable intervention for work-related stress, although a metacognitive model for stress and large-scale RCTs need to be developed and carried out to further explore the effect of MCT on stress. Our results represent one of the first attempts to treat work-related stress via Metacognitive Therapy and support the feasibility of the treatment, both in terms of its efficacy and sustainability, in a historical moment in which work-related stress is increased worldwide because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Within such a realm, our feasibility study should be followed by larger and controlled studies that, if successful, would provide various stakeholders-including organizational and institutional decision-makers-with a solid, timely and cost-effective method to help the workforce coping with work-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano De Dominicis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,PTS-Psicoterapia Training School, Jesi, Italy
| | | | - Pia Callesen
- Cektos-Center for Metakognitiv Terapi, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Carmona-Barrientos I, Gala-León FJ, Lupiani-Giménez M, Cruz-Barrientos A, Lucena-Anton D, Moral-Munoz JA. Occupational stress and burnout among physiotherapists: a cross-sectional survey in Cadiz (Spain). HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2020; 18:91. [PMID: 33239035 PMCID: PMC7690107 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-020-00537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational stress is considered an ongoing epidemic. An inadequate response to a stressful situation can trigger burnout syndrome. In this way, the assistant services (health and teaching) often reach higher levels of burnout. The present study aimed to measure the level of occupational stress and burnout in physiotherapists in the province of Cadiz (Spain), working in the public and/or private sector. METHODS This was an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. A sample of 272 physiotherapists took part in the study. The variables measured were sociodemographic variables, working conditions, level of occupational stress and burnout. Burnout includes three characteristics or dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA). Correspondence analysis of the sociodemographic, organizational and psychological variables were analyzed using Chi-squared significance tests. Spearman correlations and a linear regression analysis were also carried out to determine the dependence between occupational stress and burnout. RESULTS The results showed that 30.51% of physiotherapists suffered from a high level of occupational stress, while 34.56% suffered from an average level. There was a clear dependence between a high level of stress and professionals who felt stressed during their academic training period (p = 0.02), those who were in temporary work (p = 0.03) and those with over 10 years of professional experience (p = 0.05). The overall level of burnout was low, since only the EE dimension had a high value; the average was 21.64 ± 10.57. The DP (6.57 ± 4.65) and PA (39.52 ± 5.97) levels were low. There was a significant dependence (p < 0.05) between EE and the following sociodemographic variables: work shift, willingness to study the same degree, stress and inadequate academic training, and a stressful job. In addition, a significant correlation was found between occupational stress and the EE and DP dimensions of burnout. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of occupational stress was detected among physiotherapists in Cadiz (Spain). The levels of occupational stress and its correlation with burnout show that the cumulative effect of stress could lead to burnout. Furthermore, these results regarding occupational stress show the necessity of developing coping strategies for physiotherapists and healthcare staff.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jose A Moral-Munoz
- Dept. of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of the Province of Cadiz (INiBICA), University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
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Elder EG, Johnston A, Wallis M, Crilly J. Work-based strategies/interventions to ameliorate stressors and foster coping for clinical staff working in emergency departments: a scoping review of the literature. Australas Emerg Care 2020; 23:181-192. [PMID: 32680722 DOI: 10.1016/j.auec.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to occupational stressors is an issue for staff working in emergency departments, managers and health services. The aim of this review was to identify, map, and synthesise the range and scope of current evidence for work-based strategies or interventions used in emergency departments to reduce occupational stressors and/or improve staff coping. METHODS The framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley guided this review. A search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane and PsycINFO databases from January 2007 to June 2019 was applied. A total of thirty-one articles were included in this review. Quality appraisal was undertaken. RESULTS Exposure to or impact of occupational stress and workplace violence were common foci. A range of outcomes (such as burnout levels, stress levels and quality of life) were measured in the included studies. All studies demonstrated some improvement in outcomes measured although most were evaluated for relatively short duration. Quality of evidence varied. CONCLUSION Strategies ranging from mindfulness to organisational redesign have been trialed to diminish stress and enhance coping of emergency department staff. Understanding the effectiveness of strategies is an important early step in improving the working environment for emergency department clinicians in an evidence-informed manner. Such information may be of use to managers to inform decision making regarding the most appropriate strategy to implement in their emergency department.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Johnston
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South, United Kingdom; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia; School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland Woollongabba, Australia
| | - Marianne Wallis
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia; School of Nursing Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Julia Crilly
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service
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Sánchez-Reolid R, Martínez-Rodrigo A, López MT, Fernández-Caballero A. Deep Support Vector Machines for the Identification of Stress Condition from Electrodermal Activity. Int J Neural Syst 2020; 30:2050031. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129065720500318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of stress condition is beneficial to prevent long-term mental illness like depression and anxiety. This paper introduces an accurate identification of stress/calm condition from electrodermal activity (EDA) signals. The acquisition of EDA signals from a commercial wearable as well as their storage and processing are presented. Several time-domain, frequency-domain and morphological features are extracted over the skin conductance response of the EDA signals. Afterwards, a classification is undergone by using several classical support vector machines (SVMs) and deep support vector machines (D-SVMs). In addition, several binary classifiers are also compared with SVMs in the stress/calm identification task. Moreover, a series of video clips evoking calm and stress conditions have been viewed by 147 volunteers in order to validate the classification results. The highest F1-score obtained for SVMs and D-SVMs are 83% and 92%, respectively. These results demonstrate that not only classical SVMs are appropriate for classification of biomarker signals, but D-SVMs are very competitive in comparison to other classification techniques. In addition, the results have enabled drawing useful considerations for the future use of SVMs and D-SVMs in the specific case of stress/calm identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sánchez-Reolid
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Informática de Albacete, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Arturo Martínez-Rodrigo
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Audiovisuales, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - María T. López
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Informática de Albacete, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Caballero
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Informática de Albacete, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain
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Machová K, Procházková R, Vadroňová M, Součková M, Prouzová E. Effect of Dog Presence on Stress Levels in Students under Psychological Strain: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072286. [PMID: 32231132 PMCID: PMC7178231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
As university students face many stressful situations, especially during the examination period, this study focused on the use of animal-assisted activities (AAAs) with a dog as a means of relieving students’ stress before a final exam. The aim was to determine whether a 10-min interaction with a dog affected subjectively evaluated stress and mood, objective blood pressure, and heart rate. Ninety-three female students (mean age = 22.5 years; standard deviation = 3.8 years) were divided into three groups according to their preference. The first group underwent AAAs (n = 26), the second group chose a relaxation technique (n = 28), and the last one was a control group (n = 39). Physiological values were measured using a pressure gauge and the subjective feelings of stress and mood were evaluated by the Likert scale 1–5. The AAA group showed significant improvement after 10 min of interaction in both mood and stress, with no change in heart rate and blood pressure. The remaining groups showed a significant decrease in blood pressure, but not in heart rate, with different evaluations of mood and stress. AAAs with a dog appear to be effective in improving students’ mood and stress without affecting their physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Machová
- Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (M.S.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-739554016
| | - Radka Procházková
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Mariana Vadroňová
- Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (M.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Michaela Součková
- Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (M.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Eliška Prouzová
- Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (M.S.); (E.P.)
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Rudland JR, Golding C, Wilkinson TJ. The stress paradox: how stress can be good for learning. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 54:40-45. [PMID: 31509282 DOI: 10.1111/medu.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT This article explores the myth that stress is always bad for learning. The term "stress" has been narrowed by habitual use to equate with the negative outcome of distress; this article takes an alternative view that ultimately rejects the myth that demonises stress. The avoidance of distress is important, but a broader view of stress as something that can have either positive or negative outcomes is considered. PROPOSAL We propose that stress is important for learning and stress-related growth. We explore the little-mentioned concept of eustress (good stress) as a counter to the more familiar concept of distress. We further consider that the negative associations of stress may contribute to its negative impact. The impact of stress on learning should be deliberately and carefully considered. We offer a hypothetical learning journey that considers the cause of potential stress, a stressor, and how a stressor is moderated to result in stress that may influence learning either by positively challenging the learner or by functioning as a hindrance to learning. CONCLUSIONS In thinking more positively about stress, health professional educators may better support the student's learning journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy R Rudland
- Education Unit, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Clinton Golding
- Higher Education Development Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tim J Wilkinson
- Education Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Canine-Assisted Therapy Improves Well-Being in Nurses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193670. [PMID: 31574899 PMCID: PMC6801790 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As nursing is one of the most stressful occupations worldwide, its management warrants more attention to identify possible ways to cope with its pressures. This study aims to evaluate whether animal-assisted therapy (AAT) with the presence of a dog affects the stress level of nurses. As a stress biomarker, we used salivary cortisol level testing. Twenty female nurses (mean age: 30) in physical medicine (PMR) (n = 11) and the department of internal medicine and long-term care (IM < C) (n = 9). On each of the three observed days, saliva was collected at 10 a.m. and then again after 50 min. The first sampling was performed during a normal working process without a break (Condition A), the second was carried out during a normal working process with a break of choice (Condition B), and the third sampling was performed during a normal working process with a break with AAT (Condition C). All participants were enrolled in all three interventional conditions in a randomized order. The results demonstrated the effect of a reduction of cortisol levels in Condition C, where AAT was included (p = 0.02) only in nurses recruited from the IM < C department. By way of explanation, nurses from the PMR department already showed low cortisol levels at baseline. We propose including AAT with a dog in healthcare facilities where nurses are at a high risk of stress.
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The Relationship between Sleep Duration and Perceived Stress: Findings from the 2017 Community Health Survey in Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173208. [PMID: 31484289 PMCID: PMC6747209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is exceedingly important for our physical, physiological, psychological, and social health. Currently, few Koreans get the recommended daily amount of sleep. Stress can also have a major impact on our physiological, neurological, and mental health. In this study, we explored the correlation between sleep duration and perceived stress. The study used data from the Community Health Survey (CHS), 2017, which included 133,444 responses from Koreans. Sleeping time and stress were measured by self-diagnosis. The relationship between sleeping time and stress was analyzed using the chi-square test and multivariable regression. Both men and women felt the most stress when they slept for an average of 6 h a day. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that even when they sleep for the same time, younger people felt more stressed than older people. In the group that slept for an average of 6 h a day, women were the most stressed. We observed a correlation between sleeping time and stress in Korean adults. We found that about 16.7% of Koreans were sleeping for less than 5 h. This is less than the 7–9 h of sleep recommended by the National Sleep Foundation (NSF). In addition, stress was found to increase when sleep was insufficient. In particular, it was also observed that young people who slept for less than 8 h felt stressed more easily.
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Impacts of family status and gender on the relationships between job demands, job control, and distress. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/ejtd-08-2018-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate gender differences in the relationships between job demands, job control and distress with the moderation effects of family status (i.e. marriage and parenthood) in the patriarchal cultural context of Korea.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors formulated hypotheses on the grounds of stress and role theories and tested them using a hierarchical regression analysis. A sample of 403 Korean employees (230 males; 173 females) was used for the analysis.
Findings
Family status moderated the relationship between job demands and distress for both males and females, whereas family status significantly moderated the effect of job control on distress for only males. Regardless of gender, marriage and parenthood were associated with distress affected by job demands, while only males exhibited significant distress in interactions between family status and job control.
Originality/value
This exploratory study is one of few that explicitly addresses the concepts of the job demands-control model dealing with the unique characteristics of demographic groups. By incorporating data from the single, the married and parents, this study identified applications of the conservation of resources and role theory for various family statuses in a non-Western culture. Particularly, this study is meaningful in that it highlighted the impacts of family roles on distress that can be observed in any culture, but is salient in a highly hierarchal, patriarchal and work-centered culture, like Korea.
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Being observed caused physiological stress leading to poorer face recognition. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2019; 196:118-128. [PMID: 31054376 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Being observed when completing physical and mental tasks alters how successful people are at completing them. This has been explained in terms of evaluation apprehension, drive theory, and due to the effects of stress caused by being observed. In three experiments, we explore how being observed affects participants' ability to recognise faces as it relates to the aforementioned theories - easier face recognition tasks should be completed with more success under observation relative to harder tasks. In Experiment 1, we found that being observed during the learning phase of an old/new recognition paradigm caused participants to be less accurate during the test phase than not being observed. Being observed at test did not affect accuracy. We replicated these findings in an line-up type task in Experiment 2. Finally, in Experiment 3, we assessed whether these effects were due to the difficulty of the task or due to the physiological stress being observed caused. We found that while observation caused physiological stress, it did not relate to accuracy. Moderately difficult tasks (upright unfamiliar face recognition and inverted familiar face recognition) were detrimentally affected by being observed, whereas easy (upright familiar face recognition) and difficult tasks (inverted unfamiliar face recognition) were unaffected by this manipulation. We explain these results in terms of the direct effects being observed has on task performance for moderately difficult tasks and discuss the implications of these results to cognitive psychological experimentation.
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Chesak SS, Cutshall SM, Bowe CL, Montanari KM, Bhagra A. Stress Management Interventions for Nurses: Critical Literature Review. J Holist Nurs 2019; 37:288-295. [PMID: 31014156 DOI: 10.1177/0898010119842693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The nursing literature contains numerous studies on stress management interventions for nurses, but their overall levels of evidence remain unclear. Holistic nurses use best-available evidence to guide practice with self-care interventions. Ongoing discovery of knowledge, dissemination of research findings, and evidence-based practice are the foundation of specialized practice in holistic nursing. This literature review aimed to identify the current level of evidence for stress management interventions for nurses. Method: A systematic search and review of the literature was used to summarize existing research related to stress management interventions for nurses and recommend directions for future research and practice. Results: Ninety articles met the inclusion criteria for this study and were categorized and analyzed for scientific rigor. Various stress management interventions for nurses have been investigated, most of which are aimed at treatment of the individual versus the environment. Contemporary studies only moderately meet the identified standards of research design. Issues identified include lack of randomized controlled trials, little use of common measurement instruments across studies, and paucity of investigations regarding organizational strategies to reduce nurses' stress. Conclusion: Future research is indicated to include well-designed randomized controlled trials, standardized measurement tools, and more emphasis on interventions aimed at the environment.
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ZHANG YI, WEI FENG, VAN HORNE CONSTANCE. INDIVIDUAL AMBIDEXTERITY AND ANTECEDENTS IN A CHANGING CONTEXT. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s136391961950021x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
People and organisations should align their current goals and adapt to change to maintain and sustain their competitive advantages. That is the idea behind ambidexterity. Extant research has largely focused on ambidexterity at the organisational and unit levels, although individual ambidexterity is perhaps equally important to organisational success. To shed some light on the issue, this paper argues that two antecedents, handling work stress and trust building, influence individual ambidexterity and individual performance. Two hundred forty-five paired questionnaires were collected, and a construct of four items of ambidextrous behaviour was used to measure individual ambidexterity. The empirical findings indicate that an individual’s skills in handling work stress in performance management, building trust for social support and practicing individual ambidexterity, result in high performance. Individual ambidexterity mediates two of these positive relationships, between handling work stress and performance, and between trust building and performance. The research and practical implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- YI ZHANG
- College of Business, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - FENG WEI
- Department of Business Administration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Habe K, Biasutti M, Kajtna T. Flow and Satisfaction With Life in Elite Musicians and Top Athletes. Front Psychol 2019; 10:698. [PMID: 30984086 PMCID: PMC6450199 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although flow has been studied extensively in music and sport, there is a lack of research comparing these two domains. With the aim of filling this gap, elite musicians and top athletes in Slovenia were contrasted in the current study. Differences for flow and satisfaction with life between elite musicians and top athletes were explored. Individual versus group performance setting and gender differences were considered. 452 participants; 114 elite Slovenian musicians (mean age 23.46 years) and 338 top Slovenian athletes (mean age 22.40 years) answered questions about flow and satisfaction with life measures. The results show differences between elite musicians and top athletes in four flow dimensions: transformation of time and autotelic experience were higher in musicians while clear goals and unambiguous feedback were higher in athletes. However, differences in global flow were not confirmed. Elite musicians and top athletes experienced flow more often in group than in individual performance settings and surprisingly it was experienced more in male than in female top performers. Satisfaction with life has a positive correlation with all nine dimensions of flow, but only challenge-skill balance was a significant predictor for satisfaction with life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Habe
- Academy of Music, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Tanja Kajtna
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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