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Schneider K, Alexander N, Jansen A, Nenadić I, Straube B, Teutenberg L, Thomas-Odenthal F, Usemann P, Dannlowski U, Kircher T, Nagels A, Stein F. Brain structural associations of syntactic complexity and diversity across schizophrenia spectrum and major depressive disorders, and healthy controls. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:101. [PMID: 39487121 PMCID: PMC11530549 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/04/2024]
Abstract
Deviations in syntax production have been well documented in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Recently, we have shown evidence for transdiagnostic subtypes of syntactic complexity and diversity. However, there is a lack of studies exploring brain structural correlates of syntax across diagnoses. We assessed syntactic complexity and diversity of oral language production using four Thematic Apperception Test pictures in a sample of N = 87 subjects (n = 24 major depressive disorder (MDD), n = 30 SSD patients both diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR, and n = 33 healthy controls (HC)). General linear models were used to investigate the association of syntax with gray matter volume (GMV), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (AD), radial (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD). Age, sex, total intracranial volume, group, interaction of group and syntax were covariates of no interest. Syntactic diversity was positively correlated with the GMV of the right medial pre- and postcentral gyri and with the FA of the left superior-longitudinal fasciculus (temporal part). Conversely, the AD of the left cingulum bundle and the forceps minor were negatively correlated with syntactic diversity. The AD of the right inferior-longitudinal fasciculus was positively correlated with syntactic complexity. Negative associations were observed between syntactic complexity and the FA of the left cingulum bundle, the right superior-longitudinal fasciculus, and the AD of the forceps minor and the left uncinate fasciculus. Our study showed brain structural correlates of syntactic complexity and diversity across diagnoses and HC. This contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between linguistic and neural substrates in syntax production in psychiatric disorders and HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schneider
- Department of English and Linguistics, General Linguistics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nina Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lea Teutenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Thomas-Odenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paula Usemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Arne Nagels
- Department of English and Linguistics, General Linguistics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Esposito CM, Ceresa A, Auxilia AM, Zanelli Quarantini F, Caldiroli A, Capuzzi E, Clerici M, Buoli M. Which Clinical and Demographic Factors are Related to Incarceration in Male Patients With Antisocial Personality Disorder? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2023; 67:1630-1641. [PMID: 36495101 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x221139073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is a condition largely represented in detention centers where can reach a prevalence of 60% in male prisoners. The objective of this study is to identify the clinical and demographic factors that differentiate subjects with APD and hosted in penitentiary with respect to those are treated in outpatient psychiatric clinics. We recruited 65 male patients affected by APD, whose 26 were followed up in community mental health services and 39 were serving their sentence in a detention center located in Monza. Socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained through a review of the clinical charts, and interviews with patients or their relatives (if available). We performed descriptive analyses on the total sample, then we compared the two groups identified by the type of setting (outpatient clinic vs. penitentiary) by independent sample t tests (quantitative variables) or χ2 tests (qualitative ones). For qualitative variables odds ratios (ORs) were also calculated. Outpatients with APD (with respect to those hosted in the detention center) resulted: to be older (p = .02), to be less likely married (p = .01), to have more pre-onset psychiatric comorbidity (p = .05), to have more pre-onset substance poly-misuse (p = .01), to have more previous psychiatric hospitalizations (p < .01), and to be less likely to have received lifetime psychotherapy (p < .01). Globally, the results of this study show how the presence of psychiatric comorbidity or substance abuse (with the probable access to psychiatric services) before the onset of APD prevents imprisonment. This aspect is even more surprising when we consider that the two groups of patients show no differences in the frequency of crimes. Future research will have to confirm if early mental health care can really limit the access to penitentiary of subjects affected by APD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Ceresa
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Massimo Clerici
- University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Italy
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Beyond BMI: cardiometabolic measures as predictors of impulsivity and white matter changes in adolescents. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:751-760. [PMID: 36781445 PMCID: PMC10147758 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by cardiometabolic and neurocognitive changes. However, how these two factors relate to each other in this population is unknown. We tested the association that cardiometabolic measures may have with impulse behaviors and white matter microstructure in adolescents with and without an excess weight. One hundred and eight adolescents (43 normal-weight and 65 overweight/obesity; 11-19 years old) were medically and psychologically (Temperament Character Inventory Revised, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II, Stroop Color and Word Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Kirby Delay Discounting Task) evaluated. A subsample of participants (n = 56) underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging acquisition. In adolescents, higher triglycerides and having a body mass index indicative of overweight/obesity predicted a more impulsive performance in Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II (higher commission errors). In addition, higher glucose and diastolic blood pressure values predicted increments in the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 emotional eating scale. Neuroanatomically, cingulum fractional anisotropy showed a negative relationship with glycated hemoglobin. The evaluation of the neurocognitive differences associated with obesity, usually based on body mass index, should be complemented with cardiometabolic measures.
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4
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Li J, Ouyang L, Liu X, Wang Q, Min Z, Liu G, Zhong Y, Zhang N, Wang C, Liu N. The influence of NOS1AP gene polymorphisms and childhood abuse on antisocial personality disorder in Chinese male violent inmates. Personal Ment Health 2022; 17:184-193. [PMID: 36463909 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a common behavioral pattern that causes sufferers to ignore or violate the rights of others. Though its cause is still unclear, previous studies have shown that childhood maltreatment is closely related to ASPD. The NOS1AP gene is associated with various neuropsychiatric diseases, but a linkage between it and ASPD has not yet been discovered. This study recruited ASPD and non-ASPD male subjects who had committed violent crimes from a prison in Nanjing, China. By comparing the two groups' genotypes, allele frequencies, and histories of childhood abuse, we explored the interaction between the NOS1AP gene and childhood maltreatment on the pathogenesis of ASPD. The results showed that polymorphism rs945713 in the NOS1AP gene was associated with ASPD and furthermore that this SNP may be involved in regulating the effect of childhood abuse on ASPD. This study found that childhood trauma increases the risk of ASPD in violent adult male inmates; for prisoners with ASPD, it is critical to pay attention to their childhood trauma and take early psychological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lichen Ouyang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhang Min
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Liu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Wang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Liu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Shaffer RM, Forsyth JE, Ferraro G, Till C, Carlson LM, Hester K, Haddock A, Strawbridge J, Lanfear CC, Hu H, Kirrane E. Lead exposure and antisocial behavior: A systematic review protocol. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 168:107438. [PMID: 35994796 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead exposure remains highly prevalent worldwide despite decades of research highlighting its link to numerous adverse health outcomes. In addition to well-documented effects on cognition, there is growing evidence of an association with antisocial behavior, including aggression, conduct problems, and crime. An updated systematic review on this topic, incorporating study evaluation and a developmental perspective on the outcome, can advance the state of the science on lead and inform global policy interventions to reduce exposure. OBJECTIVES We aim to evaluate the link between lead exposure and antisocial behavior. This association will be investigated via a systematic review of human epidemiological and experimental nonhuman mammalian studies. METHODS The systematic review protocol presented in this publication is informed by recommendations for the conduct of systematic reviews in toxicology and environmental health research (COSTER) and follows the study evaluation approach put forth by the U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program. DATA SOURCES We will search the following electronic databases for relevant literature: PubMed, BIOSIS and Web of Science. Search results will be stored in EPA's Health and Environmental Research Online (HERO) database. STUDY ELIGIBILITY AND CRITERIA Eligible human epidemiological studies will include those evaluating any population exposed to lead at any lifestage via ingestion or inhalation exposure and considering an outcome of antisocial behavior based on any of the following criteria: psychiatric diagnoses (e.g., oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), disruptive behavior disorders (DBD)); violation of social norms (e.g., delinquency, criminality); and aggression. Eligible experimental animal studies will include those evaluating nonhuman mammalian studies exposed to lead via ingestion, inhalation, or injection exposure during any lifestage. The following outcomes will be considered relevant: aggression; antisocial behavior; and altered fear, anxiety, and stress response. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Screening will be conducted with assistance from an artificial intelligence application. Two independent reviewers for each data stream (human, animal) will screen studies with highest predicted relevance against pre-specified inclusion criteria at the title/abstract and full-text level. Study evaluation will be conducted using methods adapted from the U.S. EPA IRIS program. After data extraction, we will conduct a narrative review and quantitative meta-analysis on the human epidemiological studies as well as a narrative review of the experimental animal studies. We will evaluate the strength of each evidence stream separately and then will develop a summary evidence integration statement based on inference across evidence streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Shaffer
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, and Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Jenna E Forsyth
- Stanford University, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Greg Ferraro
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | | | - Laura M Carlson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, and Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Kirstin Hester
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, and Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Amanda Haddock
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, and Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Jenna Strawbridge
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Charles C Lanfear
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ellen Kirrane
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, and Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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Teeuw J, Klein M, Mota NR, Brouwer RM, van ‘t Ent D, Al-Hassaan Z, Franke B, Boomsma DI, Hulshoff Pol HE. Multivariate Genetic Structure of Externalizing Behavior and Structural Brain Development in a Longitudinal Adolescent Twin Sample. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063176. [PMID: 35328598 PMCID: PMC8949114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Externalizing behavior in its more extreme form is often considered a problem to the individual, their families, teachers, and society as a whole. Several brain structures have been linked to externalizing behavior and such associations may arise if the (co)development of externalizing behavior and brain structures share the same genetic and/or environmental factor(s). We assessed externalizing behavior with the Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self Report, and the brain volumes and white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy [FA] and mean diffusivity [MD]) with magnetic resonance imaging in the BrainSCALE cohort, which consisted of twins and their older siblings from 112 families measured longitudinally at ages 10, 13, and 18 years for the twins. Genetic covariance modeling based on the classical twin design, extended to also include siblings of twins, showed that genes influence externalizing behavior and changes therein (h2 up to 88%). More pronounced externalizing behavior was associated with higher FA (observed correlation rph up to +0.20) and lower MD (rph up to −0.20), with sizeable genetic correlations (FA ra up to +0.42; MD ra up to −0.33). The cortical gray matter (CGM; rph up to −0.20) and cerebral white matter (CWM; rph up to +0.20) volume were phenotypically but not genetically associated with externalizing behavior. These results suggest a potential mediating role for global brain structures in the display of externalizing behavior during adolescence that are both partially explained by the influence of the same genetic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalmar Teeuw
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (Z.A.-H.); (H.E.H.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(088)-75-53-387
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.R.M.); (B.F.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Roth Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.R.M.); (B.F.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (Z.A.-H.); (H.E.H.P.)
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis van ‘t Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.‘t.E.); (D.I.B.)
| | - Zyneb Al-Hassaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (Z.A.-H.); (H.E.H.P.)
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (N.R.M.); (B.F.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.‘t.E.); (D.I.B.)
- Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (Z.A.-H.); (H.E.H.P.)
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sontate KV, Rahim Kamaluddin M, Naina Mohamed I, Mohamed RMP, Shaikh MF, Kamal H, Kumar J. Alcohol, Aggression, and Violence: From Public Health to Neuroscience. Front Psychol 2022; 12:699726. [PMID: 35002823 PMCID: PMC8729263 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.699726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol has been associated with violent crimes and domestic violence across many nations. Various etiological factors were linked to chronic alcohol use and violence including psychiatric comorbidities of perpetrators such as personality disorders, mood disorders, and intermittent explosive disorders. Aggression is the precursor of violence and individuals prone to aggressive behaviors are more likely to commit impulsive violent crimes, especially under the influence of alcohol. Findings from brain studies indicate long-term alcohol consumption induced morphological changes in brain regions involved in self-control, decision-making, and emotional processing. In line with this, the inherent dopaminergic and serotonergic anomalies seen in aggressive individuals increase their susceptibility to commit violent crimes when alcohol present in their system. In relation to this, this article intends to investigate the influence of alcohol on aggression with sociopsychological and neuroscientific perspectives by looking into comorbidity of personality or mood disorders, state of the mind during alcohol consumption, types of beverages, environmental trigger, neurochemical changes, and gender differences that influence individual responses to alcohol intake and susceptibility to intoxicated aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rashidi Mohamed Pakri Mohamed
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Haziq Kamal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sun YJ, Xu LZ, Ma ZH, Yang YL, Yin TN, Gong XY, Gao ZL, Liu YL, Liu J. Health-related risky behaviors and their risk factors in adolescents with high-functioning autism. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6329-6342. [PMID: 34434999 PMCID: PMC8362546 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i22.6329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related risky behaviors generally refer to behaviors that have a negative impact on health and quality of life. Health-related risky behaviors in adolescents with high-functioning autism (HFA) have not been well understood so far. Adolescents with HFA may have more health-related risky behaviors than neurotypical adolescents.
AIM To investigate health-related risky behaviors and their risk factors with HFA.
METHODS This is an observational study. Our study enrolled 110 adolescents aged 12-19-years-old meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition criteria for HFA. They were recruited from Peking University Sixth Hospital. There were also 110 age, sex and nationality matched controls enrolled who came from a public school in Beijing, China. Both groups completed the Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory. Nonparametric tests were carried out for comparison of the Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory scores between the two groups. Expression recognition, the Inventory of Subjective Life Quality for Child and Adolescent, Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adult-Chinese Revised, Theory of Mind test and Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire were assessed in the autism group to explore factors associated with health-related risky behaviors. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to explore the risk factors of health-related risky behaviors in the HFA group.
RESULTS The results showed that the total score of the Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory and scores of “aggression and violence,” “suicide and self-injury,” “health compromising behavior” and “unprotected sex” subscales in the HFA group were significantly higher than those in the control group (Z range -4.197 to -2.213, P < 0.05). Among the associated factors, poor emotional experience (B = -0.268, P < 0.001), depression (B = -0.321, P < 0.001), low score of intelligence (B = -0.032, P = 0.042), low score of Theory of Mind test (B = -1.321, P = 0.003) and poor adaptation to school life (B = -0.152, P = 0.006) were risk factors. These risky behaviors may promote the occurrence of health-related risky behaviors in adolescents with HFA.
CONCLUSION This study showed that adolescents with HFA were more likely to be involved in health-related risky behaviors. Different health-related risky behaviors have different reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ling-Zi Xu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zeng-Hui Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-Lu Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting-Ni Yin
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Gong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zi-Lin Gao
- Quanzhou Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- Department of Mathematics, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
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9
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Sun Y, Li X, Xu L, Ma Z, Yang Y, Yin T, Gao Z, Gong X, Li L, Liu Q, Tang X, Liu J. Health-related risky behaviors in Chinese adolescents with autism: a cross-sectional study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:39. [PMID: 34330314 PMCID: PMC8325271 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related risky behaviors (HRB) generally refer to behaviors that have a negative influence on health and quality of life. HRB in adolescents with autism have not been well understood so far. We aim to explore health-related risky behaviors and their risk factors with autistic adolescents. METHODS In this study, 150 adolescents with autism and 150 neurotypical adolescents were enrolled. Participants in both groups completed the Adolescent Health-Related Risky Behavior Inventory (AHRBI). Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Theory of Mind (ToM) Test, Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Self-Esteem Scale (SES) were also assessed in the autism group to explore risk factors. RESULTS The results showed that the total score of AHRBI and scores of "aggression and violence (AV)", "suicide or self-injury (SS)", "health-compromising behavior (HCB)", and "unprotected sex (US)" subscales in the autism group were significantly higher than those in the control group (Z value = - 4.58 ~ - 2.26, all P < 0.05). Anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, low IQ score, low ToM test score, increasing age, and communication disorder were found as risk factors for health-related risky behaviors in autistic adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with autism have more health-related risky behaviors than neurotypical adolescents. We should pay attention to the emotional state, self-esteem, cognitive function, and verbal communication levels of autistic adolescent with health-related risky behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Sun
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Xue Li
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Lingzi Xu
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zenghui Ma
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yulu Yang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Tingni Yin
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zilin Gao
- Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Quanzhou, 362000 China
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Lei Li
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Qinyi Liu
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Xinzhou Tang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
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10
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Tesli N, Westlye LT, Storvestre GB, Gurholt TP, Agartz I, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Haukvik UK. White matter microstructure in schizophrenia patients with a history of violence. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:623-634. [PMID: 30694361 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-00988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with increased risk of violence compared to the general population. Neuroimaging research suggests SCZ to be a disorder of disrupted connectivity, with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indicating white matter (WM) abnormalities. It has been hypothesized that SCZ patients with a history of violence (SCZ-V) have brain abnormalities distinguishing them from SCZ patients with no history of violence (SCZ-NV). Yet, a thorough investigation of the neurobiological underpinnings of state and trait measures of violence and aggression in SCZ derived from DTI indices is lacking. Using tract-based spatial statistics, we compared DTI-derived microstructural indices: fractional anisotropy (FA), mean, axial (AD) and radial diffusivity across the brain; (1) between SCZ-V (history of murder, attempted murder, or severe assault towards other people, n = 24), SCZ-NV (n = 52) and healthy controls (HC, n = 94), and (2) associations with current aggression scores among both SCZ groups. Then, hypothesis-driven region of interest analyses of the uncinate fasciculus and clinical characteristics including medication use were performed. SCZ-V and SCZ-NV showed decreased FA and AD in widespread regions compared to HC. There were no significant differences on any DTI-based measures between SCZ-V and SCZ-NV, and no significant associations between state or trait measures of aggression and any of the DTI metrics in the ROI analyses. The DTI-derived WM differences between SCZ and HC are in line with previous findings, but the results do not support the hypothesis of specific brain WM microstructural correlates of violence or aggression in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tesli
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tiril P Gurholt
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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11
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Zorzi G, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Manara R, Bussè C, Corbetta M, Cagnin A. White matter abnormalities of right hemisphere attention networks contribute to visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies. Cortex 2021; 139:86-98. [PMID: 33848693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional alterations of the visual attention networks in a setting of impaired visual information processing have a role in the genesis of visual hallucinations (VH) in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). This multimodal MRI study aims at exploring structural and functional basis of VH. METHODS 23 DLB patients (10 with and 13 without VH) and 13 healthy controls were studied. They underwent MRI with T1-w sequences to measure cortical thickness, DTI for whole-brain and single tract microstructural properties and rs-fMRI of the default mode, dorsal and ventral attention, and visual networks. RESULTS In DLB with VH, whole-brain DTI revealed a lower fractional anisotropy and a greater mean diffusivity in the right frontal and temporo-parietal white matter tracts. Tracts dissection showed lower fractional anisotropy in the right inferior and superior (ventral part) longitudinal fasciculi (ILF and SLF) (p < .05, corrected), and greater mean diffusivity (p < .05). The extent of white matter microstructural alterations involving the right ILF and SLF correlated with the severity of VH (r = .55, p < .01; r = .42, p < .05, respectively), and with performance in the visual attention task (r = -.56 and r = -.61; p < .01, respectively). Cortical thickness in the projection areas of the right SLF was significantly reduced (p < .05). Patients with VH also showed an altered functional connectivity in the ventral attention network, connected by the ventral portion of the SLF (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a combination of microstructural and functional alterations involving the attention networks in the right hemisphere may be important in the genesis of VH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Zorzi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France; Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Renzo Manara
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bussè
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annachiara Cagnin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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Jiang W, Zhang H, Zeng L, Shen H, Qin J, Thung K, Yap P, Liu H, Hu D, Wang W, Shen D. Dynamic neural circuit disruptions associated with antisocial behaviors. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:329-344. [PMID: 33064332 PMCID: PMC7776000 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisocial behavior (ASB) is believed to have neural substrates; however, the association between ASB and functional brain networks remains unclear. The temporal variability of the functional connectivity (or dynamic FC) derived from resting-state functional MRI has been suggested as a useful metric for studying abnormal behaviors including ASB. This is the first study using low-frequency fluctuations of the dynamic FC to unravel potential system-level neural correlates with ASB. Specifically, we individually associated the dynamic FC patterns with the ASB scores (measured by Antisocial Process Screening Device) of the male offenders (age: 23.29 ± 3.36 years) based on machine learning. Results showed that the dynamic FCs were associated with individual ASB scores. Moreover, we found that it was mainly the inter-network dynamic FCs that were negatively associated with the ASB severity. Three major high-order cognitive functional networks and the sensorimotor network were found to be more associated with ASB. We further found that impaired behavior in the ASB subjects was mainly associated with decreased FC dynamics in these networks, which may explain why ASB subjects usually have impaired executive control and emotional processing functions. Our study shows that temporal variation of the FC could be a promising tool for ASB assessment, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Jiang
- Department of Radiology and BRICUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Information Science and EngineeringHunan First Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Radiology and BRICUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ling‐Li Zeng
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaHunanChina
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jian Qin
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaHunanChina
| | - Kim‐Han Thung
- Department of Radiology and BRICUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Pew‐Thian Yap
- Department of Radiology and BRICUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Huasheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaHunanChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Dinggang Shen
- Department of Radiology and BRICUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Artificial IntelligenceKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
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13
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Kelleher-Unger I, Tajchman Z, Chittano G, Vilares I. Meta-Analysis of white matter diffusion tensor imaging alterations in borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 307:111205. [PMID: 33158715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BorPD) is characterized by instability and mood dysregulation, unstable relationships and distorted self-image. Identification of underlying anatomical and physiological changes is crucial to refine current treatments and develop new ones. In this perspective, previous magnetic resonance imaging studies have highlighted alterations associated with BorPD phenotype. In particular, diffusion-weighted imaging/Diffusion tensor imaging (DWI/DTI) has identified many white matter structural alterations in individuals with this diagnosis. Although in its infancy, limiting this line of investigation is a lack of direction at the field level. Hence, the present paper aims to conduct a meta-analysis of DWI/DTI findings in individuals with a diagnosis of BorPD, testing the hypothesis that there are specific white matter alterations associated with BorPD. To this end, we performed a meta-analysis of the existing literature of DWI/DTI in BorPD representing a total of 123 individuals with BorPD and 117 Controls. Our results indicated that individuals with BorPD show regions of reduced fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and fornix. These results survived all jack-knife reshuffles and showed no publication bias. This suggests that alterations in these structures may contribute to psychopathology. Further, the present results lend support to extant psychological and biological models of BorPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kelleher-Unger
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Anaesthesia, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zuzanna Tajchman
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Gabriella Chittano
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iris Vilares
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
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14
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Ku RY, Torii M. New Molecular Players in the Development of Callosal Projections. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010029. [PMID: 33375263 PMCID: PMC7824101 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical development in humans is a long and ongoing process that continuously modifies the neural circuitry into adolescence. This is well represented by the dynamic maturation of the corpus callosum, the largest white matter tract in the brain. Callosal projection neurons whose long-range axons form the main component of the corpus callosum are evolved relatively recently with a substantial, disproportionate increase in numbers in humans. Though the anatomy of the corpus callosum and cellular processes in its development have been intensively studied by experts in a variety of fields over several decades, the whole picture of its development, in particular, the molecular controls over the development of callosal projections, still has many missing pieces. This review highlights the most recent progress on the understanding of corpus callosum formation with a special emphasis on the novel molecular players in the development of axonal projections in the corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Yueh Ku
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Masaaki Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging in psychiatry: a narrative review of its potential role in diagnosis. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:43-56. [PMID: 33125677 PMCID: PMC7862529 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an imaging technique that uses magnetic resonance. It measures the diffusion of water molecules in tissues, which can occur either without restriction (i.e., in an isotropic manner) or limited by some obstacles, such as cell membranes (i.e., in an anisotropic manner). Diffusion is most often measured in terms of, inter alia, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD). DTI allows us to reconstruct, visualize, and evaluate certain qualities of white matter. To date, many studies have sought to associate various changes in the distribution of diffusion within the brain with mental diseases and disorders. A better understanding of white matter integrity disorders can help us recognize the causes of diseases, as well as help create objective methods of psychiatric diagnosis, identify biomarkers of mental illness, and improve pharmacotherapy. The aim of this work is to present the characteristics of DTI as well as current research on its use in schizophrenia, affective disorders, and other mental disorders.
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16
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There are More than Two Sides to Antisocial Behavior: The Inextricable Link between Hemispheric Specialization and Environment. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human functions and traits are linked to cerebral networks serving different emotional and cognitive control systems, some of which rely on hemispheric specialization and integration to promote adaptive goal-directed behavior. Among the neural systems discussed in this context are those underlying pro- and antisocial behaviors. The diverse functions and traits governing our social behavior have been associated with lateralized neural activity. However, as with other complex behaviors, specific hemispheric roles are difficult to elucidate. This is due largely to environmental and contextual influences, which interact with neural substrates in the development and expression of pro and antisocial functions. This paper will discuss the reciprocal ties between environmental factors and hemispheric functioning in the context of social behavior. Rather than an exhaustive review, the paper will attempt to familiarize readers with the prominent literature and primary questions to encourage further research and in-depth discussion in this field.
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17
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Mohammadi B, Szycik GR, Te Wildt B, Heldmann M, Samii A, Münte TF. Structural brain changes in young males addicted to video-gaming. Brain Cogn 2020; 139:105518. [PMID: 31954233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Excessive video gaming has a number of psychological and social consequences. In this study, we looked at possible changes in gray and white matter and asked whether these changes are correlated to psychological measures. Twentynine players of violent videogames (mean daily playing time 4.7 h) and age matched controls were subjected to a battery of questionnaires assessing aggression, empathy, hostility, internet addiction and psychological well-being. Diffusion tensor and 3D T1-weighted MR images were obtained to examine gray (via voxel-based morphometry) and white (via tract-based spatial statistics) matter changes. Widespread regions of decreased gray matter in the players were found but no region showed increased intensity of gray matter. Density of gray matter showed a negative correlation with the total length of playing in years in the right posterior cingulate gyrus, left pre- and postcentral gyrus, right thalamus, among others. Furthermore, fractional anisotropy, a marker for white matter structure, was decreased in the left and right cingulum in the players. Both, gray and white matter changes correlated with measures of aggression, hostility, self esteem, and the degree of internet addiction. This study thus shows profound changes of brain structure as a function of excessive playing of violent video games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Mohammadi
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; CNS-lab, International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor R Szycik
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Heldmann
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Amir Samii
- CNS-lab, International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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18
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Huang H, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Wang W, Wen M. Evaluating the Changes of White Matter Microstructures in Tobacco Addicts Based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919105. [PMID: 31899914 PMCID: PMC6977634 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method was used to investigate the changes of white matter microstructure in tobacco addicts, and to analyze its correlation with smoking index, smoking years, and daily smoking amount. MATERIAL AND METHODS Routine magnetic resonance imaging (excluding intracranial lesions) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequence scanning were performed in 156 nicotine addicts (nicotine dependence group) and 81 non-nicotine addicts (control group) recruited from the study group. TBSS method was used to preprocess DTI data, and age and education level were taken as covariables to statistically analyze relevant parameters between nicotine dependence group and control group, such as fractional anisotropy (FA) value and smoking index. Spearman correlation analysis was performed on smoking status and FA values in brain regions with significant differences between nicotine dependent group and control group, and the test level alpha was 0.05. RESULTS Compared with control group, FA values of white matter in part of the posterior limb of the right inner capsule (r=-0.428, P=0.003), the right superior radiating crown (r=-0.136, P=0.004), the right posterior radiating crown (r=-0.229, P=0.003), the right superior longitudinal bundle (r=-0.474, P=0.002), the right inferior longitudinal bundle (r=-0.354, P=0.003) and the inferior frontal occipital bundle (r=-0.310, P=0.002) were decreased, which were negatively correlated with smoking index (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nicotine can damage the microstructure of white matter in specific brain regions and damage neurons, with cumulative effects.
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19
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Rogers JC, Gonzalez-Madruga K, Kohls G, Baker RH, Clanton RL, Pauli R, Birch P, Chowdhury AI, Kirchner M, Andersson JLR, Smaragdi A, Puzzo I, Baumann S, Raschle NM, Fehlbaum LV, Menks WM, Steppan M, Stadler C, Konrad K, Freitag CM, Fairchild G, De Brito SA. White Matter Microstructure in Youths With Conduct Disorder: Effects of Sex and Variation in Callous Traits. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:1184-1196. [PMID: 31028899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate white matter (WM) microstructure in youths with conduct disorder (CD) have reported disparate findings. We investigated WM alterations in a large sample of youths with CD, and examined the influence of sex and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. METHOD DTI data were acquired from 124 youths with CD (59 female) and 174 typically developing (TD) youths (103 female) 9 to 18 years of age. Tract-based spatial statistics tested for effects of diagnosis and sex-by-diagnosis interactions. Associations with CD symptoms, CU traits, a task measuring impulsivity, and the impact of comorbidity, and age- and puberty-related effects were examined. RESULTS Youths with CD exhibited higher axial diffusivity in the corpus callosum and lower radial diffusivity and mean diffusivity in the anterior thalamic radiation relative to TD youths. Female and male youths with CD exhibited opposite changes in the left hemisphere within the internal capsule, fornix, posterior thalamic radiation, and uncinate fasciculus. Within the CD group, CD symptoms and callous traits exerted opposing influences on corpus callosum axial diffusivity, with callous traits identified as the unique clinical feature predicting higher axial diffusivity and lower radial diffusivity within the corpus callosum and anterior thalamic radiation, respectively. In an exploratory analysis, corpus callosum axial diffusivity partially mediated the association between callous traits and impulsive responses to emotional faces. Results were not influenced by symptoms of comorbid disorders, and no age- or puberty-related interactions were observed. CONCLUSION WM alterations within the corpus callosum represent a reliable neuroimaging marker of CD. Sex and callous traits are important factors to consider when examining WM in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregor Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Ruth Pauli
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Alimul I Chowdhury
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK; Medical Physics Department, University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Marietta Kirchner
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Baumann
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Inward versus reward: white matter pathways in extraversion. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 2:e6. [PMID: 32435741 PMCID: PMC7219696 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2019.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The trait of extraversion is one of the longest-standing domains that captures the social dimension of personality and can potentially explain the covariation of a wide variety of behaviors. To date, there is a growing recognition that human behavior should be specified not only through the psychological mechanisms underlying each trait but also through their underlying neurobehavioral systems. While imaging studies have revealed important initial insights into the structural and functional neural correlates of extraversion, current knowledge about the relationships between extraversion and brain structures is still rather limited, especially with regard to the relationship between extraversion and white matter (WM). In this study, we aimed to investigate WM microstructure in extraversion in greater depth. Thirty-five healthy volunteers (21 women; mean age 35) underwent magnetic resonance imaging, as a part of a larger project aimed at investigating the longitudinal effect of motor training. WM integrity was assessed using the diffusion tensor imaging technique combining multiple diffusion tensor measures. Extraversion was assessed by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. Voxelwise correlation analyses between fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivities, and radial diffusivities maps and extraversion score showed decreased connectivity in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and forceps major among individuals who had high extraversion ratings. In conclusion, individual differences in extraversion may reflect differential organization of the WM tracts connecting frontal cortex, temporal, and occipital areas, which are related to socioemotional and control functions.
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Dotterer HL, Waller R, Shaw DS, Plass J, Brang D, Forbes EE, Hyde LW. Antisocial behavior with callous-unemotional traits is associated with widespread disruptions to white matter structural connectivity among low-income, urban males. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101836. [PMID: 31077985 PMCID: PMC6514428 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Antisocial behavior (AB), including violence, criminality, and substance abuse, is often linked to deficits in emotion processing, reward-related learning, and inhibitory control, as well as their associated neural networks. To better understand these deficits, the structural connections between brain regions implicated in AB can be examined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which assesses white matter microstructure. Prior studies have identified differences in white matter microstructure of the uncinate fasciculus (UF), primarily within offender samples. However, few studies have looked beyond the UF or determined whether these relationships are present dimensionally across the range of AB and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. In the current study, we examined associations between AB and white matter microstructure from major fiber tracts, including the UF. Further, we explored whether these associations were specific to individuals high on CU traits. Within a relatively large community sample of young adult men from low-income, urban families (N = 178), we found no direct relations between dimensional, self-report measures of either AB or CU traits and white matter microstructure. However, we found significant associations between AB and white matter microstructure of several tracts only for those with high co-occurring levels of CU traits. In general, these associations did not differ according to race, socioeconomic status, or comorbid psychiatric symptoms. The current results suggest a unique neural profile of severe AB in combination with CU traits, characterized by widespread differences in white matter microstructure, which differs from either AB or CU traits in isolation and is not specific to hypothesized tracts (i.e., the UF).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - John Plass
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - David Brang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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22
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Hinton KE, Lahey BB, Villalta-Gil V, Meyer FAC, Burgess LL, Chodes LK, Applegate B, Van Hulle CA, Landman BA, Zald DH. White matter microstructure correlates of general and specific second-order factors of psychopathology. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 22:101705. [PMID: 30753960 PMCID: PMC6369105 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing data indicate that prevalent forms of psychopathology can be organized into second-order dimensions based on their correlations, including a general factor of psychopathology that explains the common variance among all disorders and specific second-order externalizing and internalizing factors. Nevertheless, most existing studies on the neural correlates of psychopathology employ case-control designs that treat diagnoses as independent categories, ignoring the highly correlated nature of psychopathology. Thus, for instance, although perturbations in white matter microstructure have been identified across a range of mental disorders, nearly all such studies used case-control designs, leaving it unclear whether observed relations reflect disorder-specific characteristics or transdiagnostic associations. Using a representative sample of 410 young adult twins oversampled for psychopathology risk, we tested the hypothesis that some previously observed relations between white matter microstructure properties in major tracts and specific disorders are related to second-order factors of psychopathology. We examined fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD). White matter correlates of all second-order factors were identified after controlling for multiple statistical tests, including the general factor (FA in the body of the corpus callosum), specific internalizing (AD in the fornix), and specific externalizing (AD in the splenium of the corpus callosum, sagittal stratum, anterior corona radiata, and internal capsule). These findings suggest that some features of white matter within specific tracts may be transdiagnostically associated multiple forms of psychopathology through second-order factors of psychopathology rather with than individual mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra E Hinton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Benjamin B Lahey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Victoria Villalta-Gil
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Francisco A C Meyer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Leah L Burgess
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Laura K Chodes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brooks Applegate
- Department of Educational Leadership, Research and Technology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Carol A Van Hulle
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bennett A Landman
- School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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23
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Pujol J, Harrison BJ, Contreras-Rodriguez O, Cardoner N. The contribution of brain imaging to the understanding of psychopathy. Psychol Med 2019; 49:20-31. [PMID: 30207255 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718002507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Psychopathy is a personality type characterized by both callous emotional dysfunction and deviant behavior that affects society in the form of actions that harm others. Historically, researchers have been concerned with seeking data and arguments to support a neurobiological foundation of psychopathy. In the past few years, increasing research has begun to reveal brain alterations putatively underlying the enigmatic psychopathic personality. In this review, we describe the brain anatomical and functional features that characterize psychopathy from a synthesis of available neuroimaging research and discuss how such brain anomalies may account for psychopathic behavior. The results are consistent in showing anatomical alterations involving primarily a ventral system connecting the anterior temporal lobe to anterior and ventral frontal areas, and a dorsal system connecting the medial frontal lobe to the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus complex and, in turn, to medial structures of the temporal lobe. Functional imaging data indicate that relevant emotional flow breakdown may occur in both these brain systems and suggest specific mechanisms via which emotion is anomalously integrated into cognition in psychopathic individuals during moral challenge. Directions for future research are delineated emphasizing, for instance, the relevance of further establishing the contribution of early life stress to a learned blockage of emotional self-exposure, and the potential role of androgenic hormones in the development of cortical anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology,Hospital del Mar,CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Melbourne,Australia
| | - Oren Contreras-Rodriguez
- Psychiatry Department,Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL,CIBERSAM G17, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Narcis Cardoner
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, and Department of Psychiatry,Autonomous University of Barcelona,Barcelona,Spain
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24
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Johanson M, Vaurio O, Tiihonen J, Lähteenvuo M. A Systematic Literature Review of Neuroimaging of Psychopathic Traits. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:1027. [PMID: 32116828 PMCID: PMC7016047 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Core psychopathy is characterized by grandiosity, callousness, manipulativeness, and lack of remorse, empathy, and guilt. It is often comorbid with conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Psychopathy is present in forensic as well as prison and general populations. In recent years, an increasing amount of neuroimaging studies has been conducted in order to elucidate the obscure neurobiological etiology of psychopathy. The studies have yielded heterogenous results, and no consensus has been reached. AIMS This study systematically reviewed and qualitatively summarized functional and structural neuroimaging studies conducted on individuals with psychopathic traits. Furthermore, this study aimed to evaluate whether the findings from different MRI modalities could be reconciled from a neuroanatomical perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS After the search and auditing processes, 118 neuroimaging studies were included in this systematic literature review. The studies consisted of structural, functional, and diffusion tensor MRI studies. RESULTS Psychopathy was associated with numerous neuroanatomical abnormalities. Structurally, gray matter anomalies were seen in frontotemporal, cerebellar, limbic, and paralimbic regions. Associated gray matter volume (GMV) reductions were most pronounced particularly in most of the prefrontal cortex, and temporal gyri including the fusiform gyrus. Also decreased GMV of the amygdalae and hippocampi as well the cingulate and insular cortices were associated with psychopathy, as well as abnormal morphology of the hippocampi, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens. Functionally, psychopathy was associated with dysfunction of the default mode network, which was also linked to poor moral judgment as well as deficient metacognitive and introspective abilities. Second, reduced white matter integrity in the uncinate fasciculus and dorsal cingulum were associated with core psychopathy. Third, emotional detachment was associated with dysfunction of the posterior cerebellum, the human mirror neuron system and the Theory of Mind denoting lack of empathy and persistent failure in integrating affective information into cognition. CONCLUSIONS Structural and functional aberrancies involving the limbic and paralimbic systems including reduced integrity of the uncinate fasciculus appear to be associated with core psychopathic features. Furthermore, this review points towards the idea that ASPD and psychopathy might stem from divergent biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Johanson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olli Vaurio
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Prosser A, Friston KJ, Bakker N, Parr T. A Bayesian Account of Psychopathy: A Model of Lacks Remorse and Self-Aggrandizing. COMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2018; 2:92-140. [PMID: 30381799 PMCID: PMC6184370 DOI: 10.1162/cpsy_a_00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This article proposes a formal model that integrates cognitive and psychodynamic psychotherapeutic models of psychopathy to show how two major psychopathic traits called lacks remorse and self-aggrandizing can be understood as a form of abnormal Bayesian inference about the self. This model draws on the predictive coding (i.e., active inference) framework, a neurobiologically plausible explanatory framework for message passing in the brain that is formalized in terms of hierarchical Bayesian inference. In summary, this model proposes that these two cardinal psychopathic traits reflect entrenched maladaptive Bayesian inferences about the self, which defend against the experience of deep-seated, self-related negative emotions, specifically shame and worthlessness. Support for the model in extant research on the neurobiology of psychopathy and quantitative simulations are provided. Finally, we offer a preliminary overview of a novel treatment for psychopathy that rests on our Bayesian formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Prosser
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Karl J. Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Parr
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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26
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Herbet G, Zemmoura I, Duffau H. Functional Anatomy of the Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus: From Historical Reports to Current Hypotheses. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:77. [PMID: 30283306 PMCID: PMC6156142 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) is a long-range, associative white matter pathway that connects the occipital and temporal-occipital areas of the brain to the anterior temporal areas. In view of the ILF's anatomic connections, it has been suggested that this pathway has a major role in a relatively large array of brain functions. Until recently, however, the literature data on these potential functions were scarce. Here, we review the key findings of recent anatomic, neuromodulation, and neuropsychological studies. We also summarize reports on how this tract is disrupted in a wide range of brain disorders, including psychopathologic, neurodevelopmental, and neurologic diseases. Our review reveals that the ILF is a multilayered, bidirectional tract involved in processing and modulating visual cues and thus in visually guided decisions and behaviors. Accordingly, sudden disruption of the ILF by neurologic insult is mainly associated with neuropsychological impairments of visual cognition (e.g., visual agnosia, prosopagnosia, and alexia). Furthermore, disruption of the ILF may constitute the pathophysiologic basis for visual hallucinations and socio-emotional impairments in schizophrenia, as well as emotional difficulties in autism spectrum disorder. Degeneration of the ILF in neurodegenerative diseases affecting the temporal lobe may explain (at least in part) the gradual onset of semantic and lexical access difficulties. Although some of the functions mediated by the ILF appear to be relatively lateralized, observations from neurosurgery suggest that disruption of the tract's anterior portion can be dynamically compensated for by the contralateral portion. This might explain why bilateral disruption of the ILF in either acute or progressive disease is highly detrimental in neuropsychological terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Herbet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
- INSERM-1051, Team 4, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ilyess Zemmoura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tours University Medical Center, Tours, France
- UMR 1253, iBrain, INSERM, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
- INSERM-1051, Team 4, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Raine
- Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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28
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Wang S, Zuo L, Jiang T, Peng P, Chu S, Xiao D. Abnormal white matter microstructure among early adulthood smokers: a tract-based spatial statistics study. Neurol Res 2017; 39:1094-1102. [PMID: 28934078 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1379277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor of central nervous system diseases. However, the white matter (WM) integrity of early adulthood chronic smokers has not been attached enough importance to as it deserves, and the relationship between the chronic smoking effect and the WM is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whole - brain WM microstructure of early adulthood smokers and explore the structural correlates of behaviorally relevant features of the disorder. Methods We compared multiple DTI-derived indices, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD), between early adulthood smokers (n = 19) and age-, education- and gender-matched controls (n = 23) using a whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics approach. We also explored the correlations of the mean DTI index values with pack-years and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Results The smokers showed increased FA in left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), left anterior corona radiate, left superior corona radiate, left posterior corona radiate, left external capsule (EC), left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and sagittal stratum (SS), and decreased RD in left SLF. There were significant negative correlations among the average FA in the left external capsule and pack-years in smokers. In addition, significant positive correlation was found between RD values in the left SLF and pack-years. Discussion These findings indicate that smokers show microstructural changes in several white-matter regions. The correlation between the cumulative effect and microstructural WM alternations suggests that WM properties may become the new biomarkers in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangkun Wang
- a Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Long Zuo
- a Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Tao Jiang
- a Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Peng Peng
- a Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Shuilian Chu
- b Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Dan Xiao
- c Tobacco Medicine and Tobacco Cessation Center , China-Japan Friendship Hospital , Beijing , China.,d WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention , China-Japan Friendship Hospital , Beijing , China
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29
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Herpertz SC, Bertsch K, Jeung H. Neurobiology of Criterion A: self and interpersonal personality functioning. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 21:23-27. [PMID: 28946053 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Criterion A of the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders follows a functional approach to personality disorders which can be effectively related to abnormalities in brain circuits that are involved in processes related to the self and others. While brain circuits related to the self and others highly overlap supporting the notion of inseparable constructs, structural and functional neuroimaging data point to rather specific deviations in brain processes among the various types of personality disorders, with a focus on borderline and antisocial personality disorders. Neurobiological data have shed light on the problem areas of individuals with personality disorders that goes beyond what we know from either patients' reports or observing their behavior and may open new perspectives on treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Voßstr. 2, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Katja Bertsch
- Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Voßstr. 2, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haang Jeung
- Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Voßstr. 2, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany
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