• Bioinformatics analysis
• Diagnosis
• MiR-4449
• NSCLC
• Prognosis

• Humans
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
• MicroRNAs/blood
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• Male
• Female
• Thoracotomy
• Middle Aged
• Lung Neoplasms/genetics
• Lung Neoplasms/surgery
• Lung Neoplasms/pathology
• Lung Neoplasms/blood
• Case-Control Studies
• ROC Curve
• Prognosis
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
• Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
• Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
• Aged
• Kaplan-Meier Estimate

• Differential expression
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
• Gene regulation
• MicroRNA
• Minimal change

• Humans
• Nephrotic Syndrome/genetics
• Nephrotic Syndrome/drug therapy
• Nephrotic Syndrome/congenital
• Child
• Male
• Child, Preschool
• Female
• Adolescent
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• Case-Control Studies
• Drug Resistance/genetics
• Gene Expression Profiling
• Prednisolone/therapeutic use
• Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use
• Glucocorticoids/pharmacology

• BT/PR11030/MED/ 30/1644/2016 Department of Biotechnology, Government of India

• Apoptosis
• Colony formation
• Migration
• PAX9-BMP4-MMP9
• Proliferation
• miR-450b

• IQGAP3
• hsa-miR-101-3p; hsa-miR-135a-5p
• lung adenocarcinoma
• non-coding RNAs

• Humans
• Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• Lung Neoplasms/genetics
• Cell Line
• Cell Proliferation/genetics
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
• GTPase-Activating Proteins

• K.S., grant no. 32000081 the National Natural Science of Foundation of China
• Y.W. the Outstanding Talents Program of Anhui University, China

• Lung cancer
• MicroRNA
• NSCLC
• SCLC
• Treatment

• Shapley Additive exPlanations
• biomarkers
• gradient-boosting decision tree classifier
• liquid biopsy
• miRNA
• next-generation sequencing
• non-small cell lung cancer

• STRATEGMED2/266484/2/NCBR/2015 National Centre for Research and Development

• Exosome
• Granulosa cell
• KEAP1
• PCOS
• miR-4449

• Humans
• Female
• MicroRNAs/metabolism
• Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/genetics
• Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/genetics
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/metabolism
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/pathology
• Follicular Fluid/metabolism
• NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
• NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
• Granulosa Cells
• Cell Proliferation/genetics
• Apoptosis

• Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes
• coal workers’ pneumoconiosis
• gene ontology
• microRNA
• microarray analysis
• silicosis

• Cell migration
• Malignant transformation cell model
• Particulate matter
• TNS3
• miR-200 family

• Humans
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• MicroRNAs/metabolism
• Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
• Particulate Matter/toxicity
• Particulate Matter/metabolism
• Epithelial Cells/pathology
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism

In recently diagnosed patients with thyroid cancer, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), as the most common histological subtype, accounts for 90% of all cases. Although PTC is known as a relatively adolescent malignant disease, there still is a high possibility of recurrence in PTC patients with a poor prognosis. Therefore, new biomarkers are necessary to guide more effective stratification of PTC patients and personalize therapy to avoid overtreatment or inadequate treatment. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that microRNAs (miRNAs) have broad application prospects as diagnostic biomarkers in cancer.

To explore novel markers consisting of miRNA-associated signatures for PTC prognostication.

We obtained and analyzed the data of 497 PTC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The patients were randomly assigned to either a training or testing cohort.

We discovered 237 differentially expressed miRNAs in tumorous thyroid tissues compared with normal tissues, which contained 172 up-regulated and 65 down-regulated miRNAs. The evaluation of differently expressed miRNAs was conducted using our risk score model. We then successfully generated a four-miRNA potential prognostic signature [risk score = (-0.001 × hsa-miR-181a-2-3p) + (0.003 × hsa-miR-138-5p) + (-0.018 × hsa-miR-424-3p) + (0.284 × hsa-miR-612)], which reliably distinguished patients from high and low risk with a significant difference in the overall survival (P < 0.01) and was effective in predicting the five-year disease survival rate with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.937 and 0.812 in the training and testing cohorts, respectively. Additionally, there was a trend indicated that high-risk patients had shorter relapse-free survival, although statistical significance was not reached (P = 0.082) in our sequencing cohort.

Our results indicated a four-miRNA signature that has a robust predictive effect on the prognosis of PTC. Accordingly, we would recommend more radical therapy and closer follow-ups for high-risk groups.

• Papillary thyroid cancer
• microRNA
• Prognosis
• Signature

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that directly bind to the 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) of the target mRNAs to inhibit their expression. The miRNA-29s (miR-29s) are suggested to be either tumor suppressors or oncogenic miRNAs that are strongly dysregulated in various types of cancer. Their dysregulation alters the expression of their target genes, thereby exerting influence on different cellular pathways including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, thereby contributing to carcinogenesis. In the present review, we aimed to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the miR-29s biological network and its functions in cancer, as well as its current and potential applications as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and/or a therapeutic target in major types of human cancer.

• Autoimmune diseases
• COVID-19
• DEGs
• Drug repurposing
• Hub gene
• Protein-protein interaction network (PPIN)
• SARS-CoV-2
• Transcriptomic analysis

Pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PAADs) often remain undiagnosed until later stages, limiting treatment options and leading to poor survival. The lack of robust biomarkers complicates PAAD prognosis, and patient risk stratification remains a major challenge. To address this issue, we established a panel constructed by four miRNAs (miR-4444-2, miR-934, miR-1301 and miR-3655) based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Cancer Metastasis Database (HCMDB) to predicted the prognosis of PAAD patients. Then, a risk prediction model of these four miRNAs was constructed by using Cox regression analysis with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. This model stratified TCGA PAAD cohort into the low-risk and high-risk groups based on the panel-based risk score, which was significantly associated with 1-, 2-, 3-year OS (AUC=0.836, AUC=0.844, AUC=0.952, respectively). The nomogram was then established with a robust performance signature for predicting prognosis compared to clinical characteristics of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients, including age, gender and clinical stage. Moreover, two GSE data were validated the expressions of 4 miRNAs with prognosis/survival outcome in PC. In the external clinical sample validation, the high-risk group with the upregulated expressions of miR-934/miR-4444-2 and downregulated expressions of miR-1301/miR-3655 were indicated a poor prognosis. Furthermore, the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, clone formation, transwell and wound healing assay also confirmed the promoting effect of miR-934/miR-4444-2 and the inhibiting effect of miR-1301/miR-3655 in PC cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, we identified a new 4-miRNA risk stratification model could be used in predicting prognosis in PAAD.

• miRNA
• pancreatic adenocarcinoma
• prognosis
• risk stratification
• treatment strategies

Lung cancer is one of the main threats to human health. Survival of patients with lung cancer depends on timely detection and diagnosis. Among the genetic irregularities that control cancer development and progression, there are microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs). The present study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of miR-200a-3p and transcription factor GATA-6 (GATA6) in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their clinical significance. The expression patterns of miR-200a-3p and GATA6 in the peripheral blood of patients with NSCLC and healthy subjects were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The correlation between GATA6/miR-200a-3p expression and their diagnostic efficacy were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The association between miR-200a-3p/GATA6 expression with the patient clinicopathological characteristics, and their correlation with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg) were evaluated. The cumulative survival rate was examined, and whether miR-200a-3p and GATA6 expression levels were independently correlated with the prognosis of NSCLC was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression model. The results demonstrated that the expression of miR-200a-3p was high and that of GATA6 was low in the peripheral blood of patients with NSCLC, and both exhibited high clinical diagnostic efficacy. miR-200a-3p was revealed to target GATA6 by dual-luciferase assay. miR-200a-3p in the peripheral blood was correlated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and distal metastasis, while GATA6 in the peripheral blood was correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. miR-200a-3p and GATA6 were positively correlated with CEA and SCCAg, but not with NSE. High expression of miR-200a-3p and low expression of GATA6 predicted poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. After adjusting for TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, distance metastasis, GATA6, CEA, NSE and SCCAg in the logistic regression model, it was indicated that the high expression of miR-200a-3p increased the risk of death in patients with NSCLC. Collectively, it was revealed that miR-200a-3p and GATA6 were abnormally expressed in the peripheral blood of patients with NSCLC. Serum levels of miR-200a-3p >1.475 and GATA6 <1.195 may assist the early diagnosis of NSCLC. GATA6 may function in NSCLC as a miR-200a-3p target, which may provide a future reference for NSCLC early diagnosis and treatment.

Increasing investigations have focused on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various human diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Although lncRNA HOTTIP has been identified to play an important role in coronary artery diseases, its role and specific mechanism in AMI remain unclear. To investigate the potential role of HOTTIP in MI, HOTTIP expression in hypoxia-treated cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissues of MI mice was evaluated. The potential targets of HOTTIP and miR-92a-2 were predicted using Starbase and Targetscan. To further determine the cardio-protective effects of HOTTIP in vivo, si-HOTTIP and miR-92a-2 mimics were individually or co-injected into mice through intramyocardial injection. Moreover, their roles were further confirmed in rescue experiments. HOTTIP was significantly upregulated in ischemic myocardium of MI mice and hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes. Moreover, HOTTIP knockdown markedly promoted cardiomyocyte growth and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro. Luciferase reporter assay showed that HOTTIP could directly sponge miR-92a-2 to negatively regulate miR-92a-2 expression. In addition, c-Met was identified as a direct target of miR-92a-2, and their correlation was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. MiR-92a-2 overexpression significantly enhanced the protective effect of HOTTIP knockdown against AMI through partially inhibiting c-Met expression. Our results demonstrated that HOTTIP downregulation attenuated AMI progression via the targeting miR-92a-2/c-Met axis and suggested that HOTTIP might be a potential therapeutic target for AMI.

• apoptosis
• cochlear hair cells
• miR-200c-3p
• oxidative stress
• taok1

• Apoe-deficient mouse
• Atherosclerosis
• Bioinformatic analysis
• Gene regulation
• MicroRNA

• Animals
• Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
• Apolipoproteins E/metabolism
• Atherosclerosis/blood
• Atherosclerosis/genetics
• Atherosclerosis/pathology
• Cholesterol, HDL/blood
• Diet, High-Fat
• Disease Progression
• Gene Expression Profiling
• Gene Expression Regulation
• Gene Ontology
• Hyperlipidemias/blood
• Male
• Mice
• MicroRNAs/metabolism
• Reproducibility of Results

• chemoresistance
• diagnostic markers
• epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
• microRNA (miRNA)
• non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
• oncogenes
• oncosuppressors
• signaling pathways
• therapeutic targets
• tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)

• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
• Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
• ErbB Receptors/genetics
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
• Humans
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• Mutation/genetics
• Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
• Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is essential to the development and progression of malignant human cancer. Growing evidence suggests that the lncRNA forkhead box D3 antisense 1 (FOXD3-AS1) is a crucial regulatory effector for multiple cancer types and is closely associated with poor prognosis. However, in most cases, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of FOXD3-AS1 in cancer development has not yet been fully elucidated. The present study focused on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in order to gain insight into how FOXD3-AS1 drives cancer progression. First, FOXD3-AS1 expression in NSCLC tissue samples was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-qPCR). Moreover, cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and flow cytometry, respectively. A luciferase reporter assay was then performed to determine whether there was a direct binding association between FOXD3-AS1 and microRNA (miR)-135a-5p. Lastly, a tumor subcutaneous xenograft model was established to examine the role of FOXD3-AS1 in tumor growth. FOXD3-AS1 was significantly overexpressed in NSCLC tissue samples and cell lines compared with normal tissue samples and cells. FOXD3-AS1 silencing expression significantly inhibited A549 and H1229 cell proliferation while inducing apoptosis compared with sh-NC group. The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated the direct binding interaction between FOXD3-AS1 and miR-135a-5p. Moreover, FOXD3-AS1 silencing led to the upregulation of miR-135a-5p in A549 and H1229 cells compared with sh-NC group. It was also demonstrated that miR-135a-5p could bind to the 3′ untranslated region of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and negatively modulate its transcription. miR-135a-5p knockdown or CDK6 overexpression reversed the inhibition on cell proliferation and apoptosis following FOXD3-AS1 knockdown. Altogether, the present study suggests that FOXD3-AS1 sponges miR-135a-5p to promote cell proliferation and concomitantly inhibit apoptosis by regulating CDK6 expression in NSCLC cells.

• CDK6
• FOXD3-AS1
• miR-135a-5p
• non-small cell lung cancer
• progression

• Crkl
• Granulosa cell
• MAPK signaling pathway
• miR-145

• Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/biosynthesis
• Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
• Animals
• Cell Differentiation
• Cell Proliferation
• Down-Regulation
• Female
• Granulosa Cells/metabolism
• MAP Kinase Signaling System
• Mice
• MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
• MicroRNAs/genetics

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancers. The drug resistance of NSCLC has clinically increased. This study aimed to screen miRNAs associated with NSCLC using bioinformatics analysis. We hope that the screened miRNA can provide a research direction for the subsequent treatment of NSCLC.

We screened out the common miRNAs after compared the NSCLC-related genes in the TCGA database and GEO database. Selected miRNA was performed ROC analysis, survival analysis, and enrichment analysis (GO term and KEGG pathway).

A total of 21 miRNAs were screened in the two databases. And they were all highly expressed in normal and low in cancerous tissues. Hsa-mir-30a was selected by ROC analysis and survival analysis. Enrichment analysis showed that the function of hsa-mir-30a is mainly related to cell cycle regulation and drug metabolism.

Our study found that hsa-mir-30a was differentially expressed in NSCLC, and it mainly affected NSCLC by regulating the cell cycle and drug metabolism.

• Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
• Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
• Databases, Nucleic Acid
• Gene Expression Profiling
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
• Humans
• Lung Neoplasms/genetics
• Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
• Lung Neoplasms/mortality
• MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
• RNA, Neoplasm/genetics

• scientific research project of hunan provincial health commission

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the biological roles of several aberrantly expressed miRNAs have not been explored yet. In the present study, miR-4491 was identified as a novel upregulated miRNA in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of miR-4491 by a miR-4491 inhibitor inhibited the proliferation and triggered the apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Tripartite motif containing 7 (TRIM7), a tumor suppressor gene expressed in NSCLC, was demonstrated in the present study to be directly targeted by miR-4491. This finding was verified by bioinformatics analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and dual luciferase reporter assays. Furthermore, downregulation of miR-4491 inactivated nuclear factor-κB signaling via induction of TRIM7. In addition, TRIM7 silencing attenuated the effect of miR-4491 inhibitor in NSCLC cells. The decreased TRIM7 level in NSCLC tissues was negatively correlated with miR-4491 expression in NSCLC tissues. In conclusion, the findings from this study demonstrated that miR-4491 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells and that miR-4491 may promote NSCLC progression via targeting TRIM7.

• cell apoptosis
• cell proliferation
• miR-4491
• non-small cell lung cancer
• tripartite motif containing 7

• Cancer
• DBN1
• Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Long noncoding RNA
• Long noncoding RNA W42
• Tumor

• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
• Cell Proliferation
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
• Humans
• Liver Neoplasms/genetics
• RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
• Up-Regulation

• SOCS3
• STAT3
• colorectal cancer
• microR-4449

• AD = adenocarcinoma
• AUC-ROC curve = area under the receiver operating characteristics curve
• BSC = best supportive care
• CEA = carcinoembryonic antigen
• CYFRA21-1 = cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1
• ICIs = immune checkpoint inhibitors
• LCC = large cell carcinoma
• LC = lung cancer
• LDCT = low-dose CT
• NSCLC = non–small cell lung cancer
• PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell
• PD-1 = programmed cell death-1
• PD-L1 = programmed cell death-ligand 1
• PET = positron emission tomography
• PNs = pulmonary nodules
• SCC = squamous cell carcinoma antigen
• SCLC = small cell lung cancer
• SQ = squamous cell carcinoma
• TMB = tumor mutation burden
• ddPCR = droplet digital PCR

• Cancer biology
• Micro RNAs
• Oncogene
• Therapy
• Tumor suppressors

• air pollution
• biomarker
• exposure
• human
• lung cancer
• miRNA

• CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000798 Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic
• LM2018124 Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic
• 18-02079S Czech Science Foundation

Aberrant levels of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) diagnosis and therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum exosomal miR‐29a expression as a non‐invasive biomarker for PTC diagnosis and prognosis.

Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was applied to measure serum exosomal miR‐29a expression levels in blood samples of 119 patients with PTC and 100 control subjects.

Serum exosomal miR‐29a expression levels were significantly decreased in PTC cases. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed serum exosomal miR‐29a could well differentiate PTC from normal controls. Moreover, serum exosomal miR‐29a levels increased progressively and significantly 30 days and 90 days after surgery. Furthermore, PTC patients with lower serum exosomal miR‐29a expression had higher risk of recurrence. Decreased serum exosomal miR‐29a expression was significantly associated with worse clinical variables including tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, and TNM stage, as well as shorter survival. Finally, both univariate and multivariate identified serum exosomal miR‐29a as an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival.

These results demonstrated that serum exosomal miR‐29a might serve as a potential biomarker for PTC diagnosis and prognosis.

• biomarker
• miR-29a
• papillary thyroid carcinoma
• serum exosomes

• Myocardial damage
• biomarker
• burn injury
• miRNA
• transcriptome sequencing

• 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics
• 5' Untranslated Regions/genetics
• Base Sequence
• Betacoronavirus/genetics
• Binding Sites
• COVID-19
• Coronavirus Infections/metabolism
• Coronavirus Infections/virology
• Genome, Viral/genetics
• Genomic Instability/genetics
• Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
• Humans
• MicroRNAs/metabolism
• Open Reading Frames/genetics
• Pandemics
• Pneumonia, Viral/metabolism
• Pneumonia, Viral/virology
• Protein Binding/genetics
• RNA, Viral/metabolism
• RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
• SARS-CoV-2

• National Institute of Biomedical Genomics

• Cancer genetics
• Long-non coding RNAs
• Non-coding RNAs
• lncRNAs
• miRNAs
• microRNAs
• ncRNA functions

• Animals
• Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
• Disease Progression
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
• Humans
• Neoplasms/genetics
• Neoplasms/pathology
• RNA, Untranslated/genetics

• 21588 Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
• 9980 Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
• 16695 CARICAL foundation

• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• Children
• Drug resistance
• Glucocorticoid
• miR-145

Purpose: Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the diffuse large B cell type (DLBCL), which is an aggressive cancer causing central nervous system related mortality. The pathogenesis of VRL is largely unknown. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) has recently acquired remarkable importance in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancers. Furthermore, miRNAs have shown promise as diagnostic and prognostic markers of cancers. In this study, we aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs and pathways in the vitreous and serum of patients with VRL and to investigate the pathogenesis of the disease. Materials and Methods: Vitreous and serum samples were obtained from 14 patients with VRL and from controls comprising 40 patients with uveitis, 12 with macular hole, 14 with epiretinal membrane, 12 healthy individuals. The expression levels of 2565 miRNAs in serum and vitreous samples were analyzed. Results: Expression of the miRNAs correlated significantly with the extracellular matrix (ECM) ‒receptor interaction pathway in VRL. Analyses showed that miR-326 was a key driver of B-cell proliferation, and miR-6513-3p could discriminate VRL from uveitis. MiR-1236-3p correlated with vitreous interleukin (IL)-10 concentrations. Machine learning analysis identified miR-361-3p expression as a discriminator between VRL and uveitis. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that aberrant microRNA expression in VRL may affect the expression of genes in a variety of cancer-related pathways. The altered serum miRNAs may discriminate VRL from uveitis, and serum miR-6513-3p has the potential to serve as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of VRL.

• machine learning
• microRNA
• uveitis
• vitreoretinal lymphoma

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs that affect posttranscriptional regulation by binding to the 3′-untranslated region of target messenger RNAs. MiR-135a is a critical miRNA that regulates gene expression, and many studies have focused on its function in cancer research. MiR-135a is dysregulated in various cancers and regulates cancer cell proliferation and invasion via several signaling pathways, such as the MAPK and JAK2/STAT3 pathways. MiR-135a has also been found to promote or inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance in different cancers. Several studies have discovered the value of miR-135a as a novel biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. These studies have suggested the potential of therapeutically manipulating miR-135a to improve the outcome of cancer patients. Although these findings have demonstrated the role of miR-135a in cancer progression and clinical applications, a number of questions remain to be answered, such as the dual functional roles of miR-135a in cancer. In this review, we summarize the available studies regarding miR-135a and cancer, including background on the biogenesis and expression of miR-135a in cancer and relevant signaling pathways involved in miR-135a-mediated tumor progression. We also focus on the clinical application of miR-135a as a biomarker in diagnosis and as a therapeutic agent or target in cancer treatment, which will provide a greater level of insight into the translational value of miR-135a.

• Biomarker
• cancer
• chemoresistance
• epithelial-mesenchymal transition
• miR-135a
• therapeutics

• lung cancer
• miRNA array chip
• real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR)