Meta-Analysis
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Methodol. Jun 20, 2024; 14(2): 91889
Published online Jun 20, 2024. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i2.91889
Association between tobacco exposure and bladder cancer recurrence: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Lei Xiang, Qi-Qi Xie, Si-Si Xu, Wen-Jie Ruan, Dong-Hui Xu, Yao-Yao Gan, Jia Zuo, Wen-Jun Xu, Zhi-Peng Li
Lei Xiang, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
Qi-Qi Xie, Si-Si Xu, Wen-Jie Ruan, Dong-Hui Xu, Yao-Yao Gan, Jia Zuo, Wen-Jun Xu, Zhi-Peng Li, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
Author contributions: Xiang L wrote the original draft; Xie QQ performed the methodology, software and data organization; Xu SS and Ruan WJ performed the data curation; Xu DH, Gan YY, Zuo J and Xu WJ formally analyzed and wrote the original manuscript; Li ZP for conceptualization, writing, reviewing and editing. All the authors participated in drafting the manuscript, and all the authors read, contributed to, and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest related to this article.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Zhi-Peng Li, MD, Senior Editor, Surgeon, Teacher, School of medicine, Taizhou University, No. 1139 Shifu Avenue, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China. lzpzhonghong@126.com
Received: January 8, 2024
Revised: February 10, 2024
Accepted: March 28, 2024
Published online: June 20, 2024
Processing time: 157 Days and 20.4 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: In this meta-analysis, 12 studies were included to investigate the connection between smoking and the prognosis of bladder cancer patients. The results showed that tobacco exposure was associated with a significantly greater recurrence rate and faster progression of bladder cancer than nonsmoking status. Subgroup analysis further revealed that current and former smokers had a greater risk of relapse than did never smokers, and non-Caucasians may be more susceptible to bladder cancer recurrence than Caucasians are. Therefore, smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer recurrence and progression, and cessation of smoking is recommended. Regular follow-up and treatment are crucial for reducing the risk of smoking.