Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Methodol. Sep 26, 2015; 5(3): 164-174
Published online Sep 26, 2015. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v5.i3.164
Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori: A recent literature review
Reza Ghotaslou, Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo, Yalda Mohammadzadeh Asl
Reza Ghotaslou, Research Center of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51663-39888, Iran
Reza Ghotaslou, Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo, Yalda Mohammadzadeh Asl, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran
Author contributions: Ghotaslou R conceptualized, designed the review and carried out the analysis; Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo H and Mohammadzadeh Asl Y contributed equally to the work; all authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript as submitted.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflict of interest exists.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Reza Ghotaslou, MD, PhD, Associated Professor of Medical Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran. rzgottaslo@yahoo.com
Telephone: +98-41-33364661 Fax: +98-41-33364661
Received: May 13, 2015
Peer-review started: May 20, 2015
First decision: June 24, 2015
Revised: July 29, 2015
Accepted: August 20, 2015
Article in press: August 21, 2015
Published online: September 26, 2015
Processing time: 125 Days and 21.5 Hours
Abstract

AIM: To review previous studies (the last 6 years) about the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibiotic resistance in order to evaluate the trend in antibiotic resistance.

METHODS: In this study, the PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scielo manuscripts were reviewed from 2009 to 2014.

RESULTS: On the whole rates of H. pylori antibiotic resistance were 47.22% (30.5%-75.02%) for metronidazole, 19.74% (5.46%-30.8%) for clarithromycin, 18.94% (14.19%-25.28%) for levofloxacin, and 14.67% (2%-40.87%) for amoxicillin, 11.70% (0%-50%) for tetracycline, 11.5% (0%-23%) for furazolidon and 6.75% (1%-12.45%) for rifabutin. The frequency of tetracycline, metronidazole and amoxicillin resistance was higher in Africa, while clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance was higher in North America and Asian, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The most sensitive drug is rifabutin and the lowest sensitive drug is metronidazole in the world. The worldwide H. pylori antibiotic resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin has increased during the last 6 years. The present systematic review show alarming results and a novel plan is needed for eradication therapy of H. pylori infections.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Helicobacter pylori; Worldwide

Core tip: Because of the rising frequency of antimicrobial resistance, management of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections is a challenge for physicians. We found global frequency rate of resistance is high in Africa. The most sensitive drug is rifabutin and the lowest sensitive drug is metronidazole in the world. The worldwide H. pylori antibiotic resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin has increased during the last 6 years. Resistances to antimicrobial agent’s reports describe dramatic decrease of antibiotics efficacy.