Chauhan S, Chauhan R, Bhasin P, Sharaf BG. Present status and future directions: Apexification. World J Methodol 2025; 15(1): 96923 [DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v15.i1.96923]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Sachin Chauhan, MDS, Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Dr Chauhan’s Root Canal and Implant Centre, 1519, Sector 28, Faridabad 121002, Haryana, India.drsachinchauhan13@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Methodol. Mar 20, 2025; 15(1): 96923 Published online Mar 20, 2025. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v15.i1.96923
Present status and future directions: Apexification
Sachin Chauhan, Radha Chauhan, Prashant Bhasin, Bhavna G Sharaf
Sachin Chauhan, Prashant Bhasin, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad 121002, Haryana, India
Radha Chauhan, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge and Oral Implantology, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur 302022, Rajasthan, India
Bhavna G Sharaf, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad 121002, Haryana, India
Author contributions: Bhasin P was responsible for conception and supervision; Sharaf BG was responsible for conception design, literature review, and critical review; Chauhan R was responsible for conception and data collection; Chauhan R, Chauhan S, and Bhasin P were responsible for conception and data analysis and interpretation; Chauhan S was responsible for conception and writing.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Sachin Chauhan, MDS, Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Dr Chauhan’s Root Canal and Implant Centre, 1519, Sector 28, Faridabad 121002, Haryana, India.drsachinchauhan13@gmail.com
Received: May 18, 2024 Revised: August 9, 2024 Accepted: August 21, 2024 Published online: March 20, 2025 Processing time: 133 Days and 22.9 Hours
Abstract
The success rate of apexification is primarily determined by multiple factors, including the material used, the size of the open apex compared to the length of the root, and the technique used in each case. The main objective of this review was to provide an update on the present management of open apex to identify factors and circumstances that may influence the success of apexification using different materials and techniques. Future research on apexification should focus on how to treat open apices with wide periapical lesions without surgery. Previously, the predictability of these parameters with non-surgical procedures was uncertain, but now, with the use of a dental operating microscope, it has become more predictable. Another reason could be that extra visits are no longer required due to major advances in the armamentarium and materials used for apexification.
Core Tip: Trauma to the pulp before root formation induces pulpal necrosis, which impairs dentin and root growth. The thin, fragile dentin walls that lead to the exposed apex of the canal remain broad. Therefore, root canal treatment in these cases is becoming increasingly complex. In these situations, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apexification has replaced calcium hydroxide apexification because of its superior properties. It is a reliable method for creating a rigid apical tissue barrier. To solve this endodontic enigma, this review discussed the nonsurgical treatment of an open apex with MTA, the micro apical placement system, magnification, and bioceramics.
