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Kang T, Kim J, Lee H, Yum H, Kwon C, Lim Y, Lee S, Lee T. Super-fast and accurate nonlinear foot deformation Prediction using graph neural networks. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2025; 163:106859. [PMID: 39671974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a significant increase in the number of foot diseases, highlighting the importance of non-surgical treatments. Customized insoles, tailored to an individual's foot morphology, have emerged as a promising solution. However, the traditional design process of the customized insole is both slow and expensive due to the high computational complexity of finite element analysis (FEA) required to predict deformations of the foot. This study explores the applicability of a graph neural network (GNN) based on the MeshGraphNet framework to predict the 3-D shape of the foot under load and test the performance of GNN depending on the number of datasets. A total of 186 3-D undeformed foot CAD geometries are obtained from a series of 2-D foot images with deformations predicted through FEA. This FEA data is then used to train the GNN model, which aims to predict foot displacement with high accuracy and computation speed. After optimization of the weights of the GNN, the model remarkably outperformed FEA simulations in speed, being approximately 97.52 times faster, while maintaining high accuracy, with R2 values above 95% in predicting foot displacement. This breakthrough suggests that GNN models can greatly improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of manufacturing customized insoles, providing a significant advancement in non-surgical treatment options for foot conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyeon Kang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyobi Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Yum
- Human Performance Lab Co., Ltd., #358, Research Cooperation Building, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Chani Kwon
- Human Performance Lab Co., Ltd., #358, Research Cooperation Building, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbin Lim
- SIMULIA, Dassault Systèmes Korea, Seoul, 06164, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryun Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taeyong Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea; Human Performance Lab Co., Ltd., #358, Research Cooperation Building, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Ouattas A, Finco MG, Dehghan Rouzi M, Azarian M, Rojas AZ, Bargas Ochoa M, El-Refaei N, Momin A, Najafi B. The role of therapeutic footwear to increase daily physical activity in older adults with chronic foot pain. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2025; 123:106373. [PMID: 39954566 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately third of older adults report foot pain that can lead to reduced physical activity. In this study, we examined whether a novel therapeutic shoe that addresses both aesthetics to enhance acceptability and biomechanical features to reduce foot pain, might improve daily physical activity in older adults with mild to moderate foot pain. METHODS In a 12-week crossover randomized controlled trial, older adults with chronic foot pain were randomly assigned to either group AB or BA. Group AB wore therapeutic footwear (OrthoFeet, NY, USA) for six weeks (intervention A) before switching to their own shoes for six weeks (intervention B). Group BA followed the reverse order. Physical activity (daily steps, burned calories, metabolic equivalent of task) was tracked throughout the trial with a smartwatch. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to compare differences in foot pain and physical activity between interventions A and B. FINDINGS Twenty-nine participants (mean age = 67 ± 5 years, 17 % male) completed the study. Compared to baseline, wearing OrthoFeet increased daily steps (p = 0.045; +698 steps/day), burned kilocalories (p = 0.048; +177 kcal/day), and metabolic equivalent of task (p = 0.046; +34 MET.min.wk.-1). INTERPRETATION Findings suggest that the combination of both aesthetic and biomechanical features designed to encourage engagement in activities of daily living and reduce foot pain, respectively, increased daily physical activity among older adults with mild to moderate foot pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman Ouattas
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Ambulatory Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M G Finco
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Ambulatory Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Anatomical Sciences & Department of Physical Therapy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Dehghan Rouzi
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Ambulatory Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology (CASIT), Department of Surgery, Geffen College of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mehrnaz Azarian
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Ambulatory Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alejandro Zulbaran Rojas
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Ambulatory Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miguel Bargas Ochoa
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Ambulatory Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nesreen El-Refaei
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Ambulatory Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anmol Momin
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Ambulatory Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bijan Najafi
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Ambulatory Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology (CASIT), Department of Surgery, Geffen College of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Longo UG, Papalia R, Mazzola A, De Salvatore S, Marinozzi A, Campi S, Piergentili I, D'Hooghe M, Zaffagnini S, Samuelsson K, Denaro V. Epidemiology of hallux valgus surgery in Italy: A nationwide study from 2001 to 2016. J Exp Orthop 2025; 12:e70142. [PMID: 39949710 PMCID: PMC11822264 DOI: 10.1002/jeo2.70142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study intended to estimate the annual number of hallux valgus surgical procedures in Italy and the patients' epidemiological features. A secondary goal was to compare the demographic differences in access to hallux valgus surgery amongst three Italian macroregions. Methods The analysis was conducted by using the National Hospital Discharge Records database provided by the Italian Ministry of Health. Results 721,514 surgical procedures for Acquired Hallux valgus were performed. The cumulative incidence was 88.2 procedures for every 100,000 Italian residents. The highest number of procedures was found in the 60-64 age class. 91.2% of patients were females. The mean length of hospitalisation was 2.1 ± 2.2 days. Patients aged 95-99 had more days of hospitalisation on average. 51.9% of procedures were performed in the North, 25.7% in the Centre and 22.4% in the South. 98.5% of patients from the North received surgical treatment in the same macroregion of domicile: 90% in the Centre and 78.5% in the South. The main primary procedure was: bunionectomy with soft tissue correction and osteotomy of the first metatarsal (79.9%, 77.51 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code). Conclusions The socio-economic burden of hallux valgus surgery in Italy is relevant. The incidence of hallux valgus surgery has progressively increased between 2001 and 2012 and decreased from 2012 to 2016. A geographically unequal distribution of procedures between the three Italian macroregions was pointed out. Migratory flows of patients from the South to the North for undergoing the procedure were observed. Level of Evidence Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio‐MedicoRomaItaly
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomaItaly
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio‐MedicoRomaItaly
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomaItaly
| | - Alessandro Mazzola
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio‐MedicoRomaItaly
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomaItaly
| | | | - Andrea Marinozzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio‐MedicoRomaItaly
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomaItaly
| | - Stefano Campi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio‐MedicoRomaItaly
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomaItaly
| | - Ilaria Piergentili
- CNR‐IASI, Laboratorio di Biomatematica, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed InformaticaRomeItaly
| | | | - Stefano Zaffagnini
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica II IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Kristian Samuelsson
- Sahlgrenska Sports Medicine CenterGothenburgSweden
- Department of OrthopaedicsInstitute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of OrthopaedicsSahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio‐MedicoRomaItaly
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomaItaly
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Reeves J, Buckley R, Dixon S. Differences in Foot Morphology across Age Groups for Women Active in Sport. Gerontology 2024; 70:1267-1283. [PMID: 39369693 PMCID: PMC11633873 DOI: 10.1159/000541732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Foot morphology in the general population has been shown to change with age, and active older adults have reported a need for wide-fitting footwear. METHODS This study recruited 374 women active in racket sports and team sports in the UK who had their feet scanned while 50% weight bearing. Participants were grouped into 10-year age bands ranging from 18-29 years to 70-79 years. Data analysis was performed on the widths, heights, and circumferences of participants' right feet normalised to foot length, as well as an assessment of hallux valgus angle and deformity. RESULTS The 18-29-year group had significantly smaller measures of foot width, ball of foot circumference and short heel circumference (p < 0.05, η2 = 0.042, η2 = 0.056) compared to the older groups. The foot dorsum height and circumference at 50% foot length were significantly less in the oldest age groups compared to the middle age groups (p = 0.0001, η2 = 0.055 and p = 0.0007, η2 = 0.044, respectively). There was some evidence of increased hallux valgus deformity with age. CONCLUSION Designers and manufacturers of athletic footwear should be aware of the changes in foot morphology with age in order to provide more inclusive footwear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Reeves
- Biomechanics Research Team, Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Roxana Buckley
- Biomechanics Research Team, Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sharon Dixon
- Biomechanics Research Team, Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Tsiouri C, Amiridis IG, Kannas T, Varvariotis N, Sahinis C, Hatzitaki V, Enoka RM. EMG coherence of foot and ankle muscles increases with a postural challenge in men. Gait Posture 2024; 113:238-245. [PMID: 38959555 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional role of intrinsic foot muscles in the control of standing balance is often overlooked in rehabilitation, partly because the interactions with ankle muscles are poorly understood. RESEARCH QUESTION How does coactivation of Flexor Digitorum Brevis (FDB) and soleus (SOL) vary across standing tasks of increasing difficulty. METHODS Postural sway (Centre of Pressure, CoP) and the electromyographic (EMG) activity of FDB, SOL, Medial Gastrocnemius (MG) and Tibialis Anterior (TA) were measured during bipedal standing, tandem stance, one-legged balance, and standing on toes. Coherence of the rectified EMG signals for SOL and FDB in two bandwidths (0-5 and 10-20 Hz) was calculated as a coactivation index. RESULTS AND SIGNIFICANCE The CoP sway and the EMG activity of all muscles was greater (P<0.05) for the three difficult tasks. Significant coherence between the SOL and FDB EMG activity was found in both frequency regions: 0-5 and 10-20 Hz. The coherence integral increased with the difficulty of the postural task, especially in the 10-20 Hz band. The findings underscore the important role of FDB in the control of standing balance across tasks and its coactivation with SOL. Clinical recommendations to improve balance control need to consider the interaction between the plantar flexor and intrinsic-foot muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysi Tsiouri
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Amiridis
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Theodoros Kannas
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Varvariotis
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysostomos Sahinis
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilia Hatzitaki
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Roger M Enoka
- Neurophysiology of Movement Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Finco MG, Ouattas A, El-Refaei N, Momin AS, Azarian M, Najafi B. Assessing the Acceptability and Effectiveness of a Novel Therapeutic Footwear in Reducing Foot Pain and Improving Function among Older Adults: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial. Gerontology 2024; 70:842-854. [PMID: 38776890 DOI: 10.1159/000539307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nearly, a quarter of older adults suffer from frequent foot pain, impacting their quality of life. While proper footwear can alleviate this, design issues often hinder regular use. This study evaluated novel therapeutic footwear, designed for aesthetics and custom fit, to reduce foot pain. We hypothesized that older adults would experience less foot pain and favor the new footwear over their own. METHODS This 12-week crossover randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of OrthoFeet therapeutic footwear on reducing foot pain in older adults (n = 50, age = 65 ± 5, 18% male) with moderate to severe pain. Participants were assigned to either the AB or BA sequence. In AB, they wore OrthoFeet shoes for 6 weeks and then their own shoes for another 6 weeks; BA followed the reverse order. Pain and function were measured using the Foot Function Index. Acceptability was assessed through a technology acceptance model (TAM) questionnaire. Data collected at baseline, six, and 12 weeks were analyzed using t tests, χ2 tests, and generalized linear model. RESULTS Compared to participants' own shoes, OrthoFeet shoes significantly reduced foot pain and disability. Notable improvements were observed in "foot pain at its worst," "foot pain at the end of the day," "overall pain score," and "overall Foot Function Index score," all showing statistically significant reductions (p < 0.050). Participants reported high adherence to wearing the OrthoFeet shoes, averaging 8 h per day and 5.8 days per week. TAM scores favored OrthoFeet shoes over participants' own shoes in terms of ease of use, perceived benefit, and intention to recommend. Significant differences were noted in components representing perceived joint pain relief (p < 0.001, χ2 = 21.228) and the intention of use as determined by the likelihood of recommending the shoes to a friend with a similar condition (p < 0.001, χ2 = 29.465). Additionally, a majority of participants valued the appearance of the shoes, with 66% prioritizing shoe appearance and 96% finding the study shoes more stylish than their previous ones. CONCLUSION This study underscores the significance of design and custom fit in promoting continuous wear for effective foot pain reduction in older adults. More research is needed on the intervention's long-term impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Finco
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,
| | - Abderrahman Ouattas
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nesreen El-Refaei
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anmol Salim Momin
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mehrnaz Azarian
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bijan Najafi
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Cai Y, Song Y, He M, He W, Zhong X, Wen H, Wei Q. Global prevalence and incidence of hallux valgus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Foot Ankle Res 2023; 16:63. [PMID: 37726760 PMCID: PMC10510234 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-023-00661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though hallux valgus is a common foot deformity, the integrated information on its global prevalence and incidence is relatively lacking. The aim of this research was to assess the global prevalence and incidence of hallux valgus, thus providing reliable data reference for clinical practice. METHODS A systematic review of global hallux valgus research publications concerning its prevalence and incidence was performed based on six electronic databases ((PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Online Journals and CQVIP)) from their inception to November 16, 2022. The search terms included "hallux valgus or bunion and prevalence or incidence or epidemiology." All languages were included. Data were extracted by country, continent, age group, gender and other information. The risk of bias was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data by using random-effects models to synthesize available evidence. RESULTS A total of 45 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimated prevalence was 19% (95% CI, 13% to 25%) (n=186,262,669) for hallux valgus. In subgroup meta-analyses, the prevalence of hallux valgus was 21.96% (95% CI, 10.95% to 35.46%) in Asia, 3% (95% CI, 0% to 15%) in Africa, 18.35% (95% CI, 11.65% to 26.16%) in Europe, 29.26% (95% CI, 4.8% to 63.26%) in Oceania, and 16.1% (95% CI, 5.9% to 30.05%) in North America, respectively. The pooled prevalence of hallux valgus by gender was 23.74% (95% CI, 16.21% to 32.21%) for females and 11.43% (95% CI, 6.18% to 18%) for males. The prevalence was 11% (95% CI, 2% to 26%) in individuals younger than 20 years old, 12.22% in adults aged 20-60 years (95% CI, 5.86% to 20.46%) and 22.7% in elderly people aged over 60 years (95% CI, 13.1% to 33.98%). CONCLUSION This research provided the global prevalence and incidence of hallux valgus in terms of its spatial, temporal, and population distribution. The global estimated pooled prevalence and incidence of hallux valgus was 19%. A higher prevalence of hallux valgus was found in females, Oceania countries, and among people aged over 60 years. Due to the high heterogeneity of the included studies, the findings should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangting Cai
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, NO.12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, P. R. China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, NO.261, Longxi Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510378, P. R. China
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics & Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, NO.261, Longxi Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510378, P. R. China
| | - Yuke Song
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, NO.261, Longxi Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510378, P. R. China
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics & Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, NO.261, Longxi Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510378, P. R. China
| | - Mincong He
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, NO.261, Longxi Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510378, P. R. China
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics & Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, NO.261, Longxi Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510378, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, NO.261, Longxi Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510378, P. R. China
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics & Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, NO.261, Longxi Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510378, P. R. China
| | - Xianxin Zhong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, NO.261, Longxi Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510378, P. R. China
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics & Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, NO.261, Longxi Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510378, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, NO.261, Longxi Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510378, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics & Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, NO.261, Longxi Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510378, P. R. China.
| | - Qiushi Wei
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, NO.261, Longxi Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510378, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics & Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, NO.261, Longxi Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510378, P. R. China.
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Andreo-García MV, Navarro-Flores E, Losa-Iglesias ME, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Gómez Salgado J, López-López D. Effect of foot health-related quality of life in rural population: A case-control study. J Tissue Viability 2023:S0965-206X(23)00045-1. [PMID: 37127484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot health problems can affect quality of life and general health producing a source of discomfort and pain. Low levels of foot health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are present in patients with foot disabilities, such as hallux valgus, plantar fasciitis, or minor toe deformities. OBJECTIVE The objective was to analyze the foot health status in patients with and without foot problems in a rural population and its relationship with quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective case-control study was developed with a sample of 152 patients, 76 subjects with podiatric pathologies and 76 without, in a rural population. HRQoL was measured through the SF-36 Health Questionnaire in the Spanish version. RESULTS The case group had a mean age of 49.18 ± 14.96 and the control group 44.16 ± 11.79. Regarding the score of the lowest levels of quality of life related to foot problems, the case group compared to the controls showed: for physical function (79.86 ± 26.38 vs. 92.63 ± 11 0.17, p < 0.001); for the physical role (73.68 ± 41.00 vs. 88.48 ± 27.51, p < 0.0022); for body pain (45.81 ± 27.18 vs. 73.68 ± 41.00, p < 0.035); and for general health (60.36 ± 30.58 vs. 68.71 ± 18.52, p < 0.047). The differences between groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, which showed statistical significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the rural population, people with foot pathologies present a worse quality of life compared to those who do not present foot pathology, especially for the health domains: physical function, physical role, body pain and health general.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Andreo-García
- Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Industrial Campus of Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, 15403, Ferrol, Spain.
| | - Emmanuel Navarro-Flores
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Frailty Research Organized Group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | - Juan Gómez Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, 092301, Ecuador.
| | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Industrial Campus of Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, 15403, Ferrol, Spain.
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Ahmadnezhad L, López-López D, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Jiménez-Cebrián AM, Gómez-Salgado J, Losa-Iglesias ME, Andreo-García MV, Navarro-Flores E. "Translated and adaptation into Persian of the podiatric health questionnaire (PHQ)". J Tissue Viability 2023; 32:255-261. [PMID: 36841714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The Podiatric Health Questionnaire (PHQ) is a foot health psicometric tool consisting of six items for measuring foot health status. Currently, PHQ has been adapted into Spanish. Thus, this research focused on develop the Persian translation and adaptation of the PHQ. The translation into Persian and test-retest reliability methods were applied from english version questionnarie. As regards to the total mark for each sub-scale, internal consistency and reliability were determined by the Cronbach α and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. High internal consistency was shown for the six sub-scales: a) walk with a Cronbach α of 0.775; b) hygiene and c) nail care with 0.789 and 0.796 respectively; d) foot on pain with 0.779; e) concern domain with 0.788; and f) quality of life with 0.798; and g) visual analogic scale with 0.803. Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.912 [95% CI = 0.845-0.950]) was shown for the total score. Conclusions: The persian version of the PHQ was shown to be a valid and reliable tool for an acceptable use in the Iran population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Industrial Campus of Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, 15403, Ferrol, Spain.
| | | | - Ana María Jiménez-Cebrián
- Department Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Arquitecto Francisco Peñalosa 3, Ampliación de Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Spain.
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, 092301, Ecuador.
| | | | - Maria Victoria Andreo-García
- Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Industrial Campus of Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, 15403, Ferrol, Spain.
| | - Emmanuel Navarro-Flores
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Frailty Research Organized Group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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10
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Wong DWC, Cheung JCW, Zhao JG, Ni M, Yang ZY. Forefoot Function after Hallux Valgus Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Plantar Load Measurement. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041384. [PMID: 36835920 PMCID: PMC9965975 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
While hallux valgus (HV) surgeries are useful for correcting skeletal alignment problems, their effects on plantar load, which reflects forefoot functions, are less understood. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the plantar load change after HV surgeries. A systematic search of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and CINAHL was performed. Studies that assessed the pre- and post-operative plantar pressure of HV patients undergoing surgeries and reported load-related parameters over the hallux, medial metatarsal, and/or central metatarsal regions were included. Studies were appraised by using the modified NIH quality assessment tool for before-after study. Studies suitable for meta-analysis were pooled with the random-effects model, using the standardized mean difference of the before-after parameters as an effect measure. Twenty-six studies containing 857 HV patients and 973 feet were included for the systematic review. Meta-analysis was conducted on 20 of them, and most studies did not favor HV surgeries. Overall, HV surgeries reduced the plantar load over the hallux region (SMD -0.71, 95% CI, -1.15 to -0.26), indicating that forefoot function worsened after surgeries. For the other five outcomes, the overall estimates were not statistically significant, indicating that surgeries did not improve them either. There was substantial heterogeneity among the studies, which in most cases could not be resolved by pre-planned subgroup analyses by surgical classification, year of publication, median age of patients, and length of follow-up. Sensitivity analysis removing lower-quality studies showed that the load integrals (impulse) over the central metatarsal region significantly increased (SMD 0.27, 95% CI, 0 to 0.53), indicating that surgeries increased the risk of transfer metatarsalgia. There is no solid evidence that HV surgeries could improve forefoot functions from a biomechanical point perspective. Currently available evidence even suggests that surgeries might reduce the plantar load over the hallux and adversely affect push-off function. The reasons behind and the effectiveness of alternative surgical methods warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wai-Chi Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - James Chung-Wai Cheung
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jia-Guo Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Science Development, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai 201299, China
| | - Zu-Yao Yang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2252-8739
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11
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Darcel V, Piclet-Legré B. Lesser-toe deformity. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2023; 109:103464. [PMID: 36942795 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lesser-toe deformity is frequent and varied, with severe functional impact. In elderly subjects, it leads to loss of autonomy and increases the risk of falls. The aim of the present study was to provide an update on management, addressing 5 questions. What are the normal anatomy and pathophysiology? These acquired deformities mainly result from imbalance between the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the foot or from capsule-ligament stabilizer failure. How to analyze the deformity? It is important to identify the cause, site, reducibility and metatarsophalangeal joint stability. What are the main deformities and how should they be classified? Classifications used to be based on confusing terminology as the deformities were poorly defined. The French Foot Surgery Association (AFCP) therefore validated a classification with standardized, exhaustive and reproducible morphologic descriptions. What treatments are there? Treatment needs to take account of the cause. Footwear adaptation, physiotherapy and podologic measures are in first line, with surgery in second line. Surgery concerns soft tissues (tendon lengthening, tendon transfer, arthrolysis, plantar plate repair), bone (metatarsal and phalangeal osteotomy) and joints (replacement and fusion), with percutaneous and open approaches. What are the treatment strategies? Surgery is performed sequentially, from proximal to distal, if necessary. Options are set out in the decision-trees included in this article. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V, expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Darcel
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et Traumatologique, maison de santé protestante de Bordeaux-Bagatelle, Bordeaux, France.
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12
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Kinematic Strategies for Sustainable Well-Being in Aging Adults Influenced by Footwear and Ground Surface. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122468. [PMID: 36553993 PMCID: PMC9777996 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Falls are an inescapable problem influencing the health and threatening the safety of older adults. Exploring the kinematic strategies of aging adults can help reduce the risk of falls. To study kinematic strategies of aging adults in response to footwear (flat shoes, toe spring shoes, rocker sole shoes) and ground surfaces (level ground, grassland and rock road), a 3D motion capture system and subjective stability evaluation, with 14 female participants, were performed. Results indicated that footwear and ground surfaces significantly impacted joint dynamics during walking. Compared with young adults, aging adults tended to adopt a more conservative walking pattern. Wearing different shoes on the three ground surfaces mainly reduced the ROM (range of motion) of the ankle (p < 0.05). By analyzing the objective and subjective results, rocker sole shoes gave aging adults a stronger sense of instability, so they controlled the movement of ankle joint initiatively. When walking on grassland and rock road, aging adults adjusted the movements of hip, knee and ankle joints to maintain gait stability. Aging adults are recommended to strengthen flexibility training of the ankle joint, perform hip adduction and abduction exercises, and wear rocker sole shoes to improve their balance ability and sustainable well-being.
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13
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López-Moral M, Molines-Barroso RJ, García-Álvarez Y, Álvaro-Afonso FJ, García-Madrid M, Lázaro-Martínez JL. Clinical Efficacy of a 3D Foot Scanner app for the Fitting of Therapeutic Footwear in Persons with Diabetes in Remission: A Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2022:15347346221124645. [PMID: 36066032 DOI: 10.1177/15347346221124645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the ability of high-risk patients with diabetes in remission to select proper therapeutic footwear (TF) and validate a novel 3D foot scanner app for selecting the proper fitting TF. We conducted a randomized and controlled clinical trial enrolling 30 patients with a previously healed diabetic foot ulcer carried out in a specialized diabetic foot unit between November 2021 and June 2022. All patients were recommended to TF with extra depth volume and rocker sole. The control group could acquire the TF size and model according to aesthetic preferences, while the experimental group had to acquire a specific size and model according to the result of a novel mobile app 3D feet scan. TF was recommended to change when the ill-fitting reasons were found, excessive length or tightness or compromise with toes. The primary outcome measure was the requirement of TF change after prescription because of ill-fitting. A total of seven patients required TF change, one of them (6.7%) in the experimental group and six patients (40%) in the control group (p = .031, 95% CI [0.011-1.04]). Reasons for ill-fitting were as follows: four patients due to excessive length and three patients due to toe compromise. The relative risk reduction for the need to change the TF via the foot scan compared to the control group was 83%, and the number needed to treat was 20. High-risk patients with diabetes tend to select TF with inadequate fitting (length or capacity), and they should be guided hand to hand to acquire proper TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo López-Moral
- Diabetic Foot Unit, Clínica Universitaria de Podología, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, 16734Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Instituto, Hospital Clínico San Carlos; IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl J Molines-Barroso
- Diabetic Foot Unit, Clínica Universitaria de Podología, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, 16734Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Instituto, Hospital Clínico San Carlos; IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda García-Álvarez
- Diabetic Foot Unit, Clínica Universitaria de Podología, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, 16734Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Instituto, Hospital Clínico San Carlos; IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Álvaro-Afonso
- Diabetic Foot Unit, Clínica Universitaria de Podología, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, 16734Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Instituto, Hospital Clínico San Carlos; IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta García-Madrid
- Diabetic Foot Unit, Clínica Universitaria de Podología, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, 16734Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Instituto, Hospital Clínico San Carlos; IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Lázaro-Martínez
- Diabetic Foot Unit, Clínica Universitaria de Podología, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, 16734Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Instituto, Hospital Clínico San Carlos; IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Chertenko L, Booth BG. Modelling shape and parameterising style: an approach to the design of high-fashion shoe lasts. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2022.2095041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Chertenko
- Department of Design and Technology of Leather Products, Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Kyiv, Ukraine
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15
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Williams CM, Morrison SC, Paterson K, Gobbi K, Burton S, Hill M, Harber E, Banwell H. Young children's footwear taxonomy: An international Delphi survey of parents, health and footwear industry professionals. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269223. [PMID: 35679289 PMCID: PMC9182301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is little consistency between commercial grade footwear brands for determining shoe sizing, and no universally accepted descriptors of common types or features of footwear. The primary aim of this research was to develop a footwear taxonomy about the agreed types of footwear commonly worn by children under the age of six. Secondary aims were to gain consensus of the common footwear features, when different types of footwear would be commonly worn, common terms for key footwear parts, and how movement at some of these footwear parts should be described. MATERIALS AND METHODS Opinions were collected through a three-round modified Delphi international online survey from parents, health professionals, researchers, and footwear industry professionals. The first survey displayed generic pictures about different footwear types and asked participants to provide a grouping term, when the footwear would be worn (for what type of activity) and any grouping features. The second and third rounds presented consensus and gathered agreement on statements. RESULTS There were 121 participants who provided detailed feedback to open-ended questions. The final round resulted in consensus and agreement on the names of 14 different footwear types, when they are commonly worn and their common features. Participants also reached consensus and agreement on the terms heel counter to describe the back part of footwear and fixtures as the collective term for features allowing footwear adjustability and fastening. They also agreed on terms to quantify the flexibility at footwear sole (bend or twist) or the heel counter. CONCLUSION This first taxonomy of children's footwear represents consensus amongst different stakeholders and is an important step in promoting consistency within footwear research. One shoe does not fit all purposes, and the recommendations from this work help to inform the next steps towards ensuring greater transparency and commonality with footwear recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cylie M. Williams
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Stewart C. Morrison
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kade Paterson
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Gobbi
- Parent (Consumer Representative), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam Burton
- Bobux International, Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Hill
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Harber
- Parent (Consumer Representative), Church Stretton, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Banwell
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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16
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Cho YJ, Lee DW, Shin HS, Hwang YB, Lee DO, Kim DY, Lee DY. Change of In-Shoe Plantar Pressure According to Types of Shoes (Flat Shoes, Running Shoes, and High Heels). Clin Orthop Surg 2022; 14:281-288. [PMID: 35685969 PMCID: PMC9152888 DOI: 10.4055/cios20260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The type of footwear is one of several factors that affect foot pressure. Despite its usefulness in identifying pathology and preventing and treating foot-related diseases, the type of shoes has been investigated and compared in only a few studies. This study aimed to investigate differences in plantar pressure, induced by flat, running, and high-heeled shoes in healthy, young women. Methods A total of 27 healthy women (27 feet) with a mean age of 21.5 ± 2.03 years were included in this study. Based on demographic data, radiologic measurements, clinical scores, temporal gait parameters, and kinematic parameters of gait, we confirmed the participants had normal feet. Then, pedobarographic data were measured by dividing each foot into seven regions to compare the three types of shoes. Peak plantar pressure and pressure-time integral were calculated using the Pedar-X system. The one-way analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test with Mann Whitney U-test were used for statistical analyses. Results Regarding the 7 regions of the foot, flat shoes resulted in a significantly higher pressure than running shoes in the hallux and lesser toes and the highest pressure in the metatarsal head (MTH) 3-5 and the hindfoot. In contrast, in the MTH 1 and MTH 2 regions, the high-heeled shoes had the highest measured pressure, followed by the flat shoes. Lastly, there was no high pressure in running shoes in any region except for the midfoot compared to the other shoes. Conclusions It can be inferred from our findings that flat and high-heeled shoes can generate a considerable burden on specific parts of the foot, which will aid in choosing appropriate shoes. Also, wearing running shoes places less burden on the overall foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jae Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Han-il General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Han-il General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuck Soo Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Bin Hwang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Oh Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Yoo Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Laštovička O, Cuberek R, Janura M, Klein T. Evaluation of the Usability of the Tiger Full-Foot Three-Dimensional Scanner for the Measurements of Basic Foot Dimensions in Clinical Practice. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2022; 112:20-019. [PMID: 34698860 DOI: 10.7547/20-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot dimension information is important both for footwear design and clinical applications. In recent years, noncontact three-dimensional (3-D) foot digitizers/scanners have become popular because they are noninvasive and are valid and reliable for most of the measures. Some of them also offer automated calculations of basic foot dimensions. We aimed to determine test-retest reliability, objectivity, and concurrent validity of the Tiger full-foot 3-D scanner and the relationship between manual measures of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot and alternative parameters obtained automatically by the scanner. METHODS Intraclass correlation coefficients and minimal detectable change values were used to assess the reliability and objectivity of the scanner. Concurrent validity and the relationships between the arch height measures were determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient and the limits of agreement between the scanner and the caliper method. RESULTS The relative and absolute agreement between the repeated measurements obtained by the scanner show excellent reliability and objectivity of linear measures and only good to nearly good test-retest reliability and objectivity of arch height. Correlations between the values obtained by the scanner and the caliper were generally higher in linear measures (rp ≥ 0.929). The representativeness of state of bony architecture by the soft-tissue margin of the medial foot arch demonstrates the lowest correlation among the measurements (rp ≤ 0.526). CONCLUSIONS The Tiger full-foot 3-D scanner offers excellent reliability and objectivity in linear measures, which correspond to those obtained by the caliper method. However, values obtained by both methods should not be used interchangeably. The arch height measure is less accurate, which could limit its use in some clinical applications. Orthotists and related professions probably appreciate the scanner more than other specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Laštovička
- *Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,†Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Cuberek
- ‡Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Janura
- †Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Klein
- †Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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18
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Yamada-Yanagawa A, Sasagawa S, Nakazawa K, Ishii N. Effects of Occasional and Habitual Wearing of High-Heeled Shoes on Static Balance in Young Women. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:760991. [PMID: 35434618 PMCID: PMC9006774 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.760991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of occasional and habitual wearing of high-heeled shoes on static balance in young women. Groups of habitual high-heel wearers and non-wearers (n = 7 in both groups) were asked to stand quietly on a force platform without shoes (WS condition) or with high heels (heel area 1 cm2, heel height 7 cm) (HH condition). During the trials, the center-of-pressure (CoP) position in the anterior-posterior direction was measured, and its root mean square (as a measure of postural sway magnitude, CoPRMS) and mean velocity (as a measure of regulatory activity, CoPMV) were calculated. To further examine the effect of high-heel wearing on the temporal aspects of slow and fast processes in static balance, the CoP sway was decomposed into low- (below 0.5 Hz) and high- (above 0.5 Hz) frequency components, and then spectral analysis was performed. Results showed that the CoPRMS was not significantly different between the groups or between the shoe conditions, indicating that wearing high heels with a heel height of 7 cm did not increase the magnitude of postural sway, irrespective of high-heel experience. The CoPMV was significantly larger in the HH condition than in the WS condition, whereas it was not significantly different between the groups. This result indicates that wearing high heels increased the amount of regulatory activity in both habitual wearers and non-wearers. The spectral analysis further showed that habitual high-heel wearers showed significantly decreased rate of regulatory activity than non-wearers, both while standing with and without high heels. These results suggest that use-dependent changes in static balance control are evident in both high-heeled and without shoes conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Yamada-Yanagawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Sasagawa
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shun Sasagawa
| | - Kimitaka Nakazawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naokata Ishii
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Dismore LL, van Wersch A, Critchley R, Murty A, Swainston K. A qualitative study to understand patients’ experiences of their post-operative outcomes following forefoot surgery. Br J Pain 2022; 16:317-325. [DOI: 10.1177/20494637211060278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hallux valgus and hallux rigidus are two common forefoot conditions causing deformity, pain, functional limitations, disability and deteriorating health status resulting in the requirement for surgery. Even when surgery is performed by an experienced surgeon, there remains a potential for patients to experience dissatisfaction and unfavourable outcomes. Adverse results are moderated by psychosocial variables; however, there is a paucity of qualitative research providing insight into how patients perceive their outcomes and the factors affecting their recovery. Objective The study aimed to qualitatively explore patients’ experiences of their surgical outcomes following forefoot surgery and factors associated with their recovery. Semi-structured interviews with 15 patients who received surgery for hallux valgus and/or hallux rigidus were conducted. Results Thematic analysis generated five themes: physical limitations, the psychosocial impact of surgical recovery, regaining normality, patients’ expectations for physical recovery and an altered body-image. Physical and psychosocial factors were inter-related. Patients experiencing problematic outcomes were functionally limited, had low mood and were unable to return to a normal life post-surgery. The women reported weight related issues and were limited in their footwear and clothing choices, negatively impacting on their self-esteem. Conclusion A forefoot condition is multifaceted, with patients experiencing a range of physical and psychological factors that may influence their outcomes and recovery from surgery. Patients need to be supported holistically with the use of a biopsychosocial model. A multidisciplinary approach to care and treatment within the forefoot surgical pathway with the inclusion of allied health professionals will enable to better support patients to enhance their outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorelle Louise Dismore
- Department of Innovation, Research and Development, North Tyneside General Hospital, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, UK
| | - Anna van Wersch
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Rebecca Critchley
- Department of Innovation, Research and Development, North Tyneside General Hospital, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, UK
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, Wansbeck General Hospital,Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Ashington, UK
| | - Aradhyula Murty
- Department of Innovation, Research and Development, North Tyneside General Hospital, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, UK
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, Wansbeck General Hospital,Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Ashington, UK
| | - Katherine Swainston
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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20
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Myers A, Hunter K, Roy S. Do Outpatient Podiatry Evaluations Reduce the Risk of Falls in Elderly Patients With Diabetes Mellitus? J Clin Med Res 2022; 13:521-529. [PMID: 35059070 PMCID: PMC8734510 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elderly patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are faced with potential changes in their lower extremities, such as peripheral neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease, making them vulnerable to falls. We hypothesized that evaluations by podiatrists would lower the events of falls. Methods A retrospective chart review of a cohort of patients with DM, 65 years or older, was performed, who visited our primary care office between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2019. Patients were divided into those who had podiatrist evaluations (PODEVAL), and those who did not (no PODEVAL). Events of falls and comorbid medical conditions were compared between the two groups. We also compared the associations of risk factors between the patients who had falls and those who did not. Results Among 197 patients (PODEVAL = 92; no PODEVAL = 105), the mean ages of the two groups were comparable (76.9 years for PODEVAL, 75.5 years for no PODEVAL; P = 0.151). There was no significant difference in the events of falls in a 6-month follow-up period between PODEVAL and no PODEVAL groups (35.9% vs. 32.4%; P = 0.606). We found significantly higher frequencies of association of several disorders of the lower extremities in PODEVAL group compared to no PODEVAL group, such as bunions and calluses (48.9% vs. 27.6%; P = 0.002), peripheral arterial disease (50.0% vs. 26.7%; P < 0.001), and peripheral neuropathy (75.0% vs. 47.6%; P < 0.001). Patients with falls had higher frequencies of associations of some comorbidities compared to the patients without reported falls, such as coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, dementia, congestive heart failure, carotid stenosis, and syncope. Conclusions Among elderly patients with DM, there is no significant difference in the events of falls between the groups of patients who had podiatrist evaluations and who did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Myers
- Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Krystal Hunter
- Cooper Research Institute, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Satyajeet Roy
- Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Cherry Hill, NJ, USA
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21
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Yamashita T, Yamashita K, Sato M, Kawasumi M, Ata S. Foot-surface-structure analysis using a smartphone-based 3D foot scanner. Med Eng Phys 2021; 95:90-96. [PMID: 34479698 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A thorough understanding of the influence of the foot skeletal structure on hallux valgus (HV) is required for HV prevention. We developed a system using a 3D foot scanner on a smartphone to clarify the relationships between foot features and HV risk. METHODS Two-dimensional video images were recorded on a smartphone, sent to a computer or cloud server, and used to construct a 3D foot-feature model, considering 10 foot features associated with HV. The participants (419 individuals, aged 40-89 years) stood with their toes 12 cm apart and heels 8 cm apart during video recording. The height and weight were measured for body-mass index calculation. RESULTS Age-dependent foot-feature variations were observed slightly for males and distinctively for females. For females, the great toe-first metatarsal head-heel (GFH) angle associated with HV increased with age, i.e., the GFH angle increased with age, suggesting that HV increased with age. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the features determining the GFH angle are the second toe-heel-navicular angle, bone distance axis, and transverse arch length and height. The adjusted coefficients of determination were 0.54 and 0.52 for males and females, respectively. CONCLUSION This approach enables simple foot structure assessment for HV risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamashita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Human Care at Makuhari, Tohto University, 1-1 Hibino, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261-0021, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sato
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences, Showa University, 1865 Tokaichibacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Kawasumi
- School of Science and Technology for Future Life, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju Asahi-cho, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan
| | - Shingo Ata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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22
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Santos AD, Prado-Rico JM, Cirino NTDO, Perracini MR. Are foot deformity and plantar sensitivity impairment associated with physical function of community-dwelling older adults? Braz J Phys Ther 2021; 25:846-853. [PMID: 34535410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot deformities are highly prevalent in older adults and negatively impact their mobility and quality of life. However, the association between foot problems and physical function is still unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether structural foot deformities and plantar tactile sensitivity are associated with lower extremity physical function impairment in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS We included 200 men and women aged 60 years and older from a community-based program. The foot assessment included toe deformities and calluses inspection and evaluation of plantar tactile sensitivity using monofilaments. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was used to assess lower extremity physical function. We conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between foot problems and lower extremity physical function. RESULTS Hallux valgus was the most prevalent deformity among older adults. Those participants with reduced plantar tactile sensitivity (OR= 2.77; 95% CI: 1.38, 5.55) and a hallux valgus (OR= 2.23; 95% CI: 1.10, 4.52) were more likely to present poor lower extremity physical function. CONCLUSION Hallux valgus and impaired plantar sensitivity were associated with reduced lower extremity physical function in older adults. Further studies are necessary to identify this causality and to what extent management of these foot problems can improve general mobility and quality of life of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélio Dias Santos
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Janina Manzieri Prado-Rico
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Rodrigues Perracini
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Master's and Doctoral Programs in Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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23
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Saeedi H, Azadinia F, Jalali M, Bagheripour B, Ronasi P, Ershadi FS. Shoes with elastic upper vs. shoes with a round toe box for perceived comfort and interdigital forefoot pressure in patients with hallux valgus deformity. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2021.1950216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Saeedi
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azadinia
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalali
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batoul Bagheripour
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paniz Ronasi
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhoud Saeid Ershadi
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Hasuno K, Abe K, Kanda M, Shoji A. Changes in hallux angle as a result of different heel heights measured by a 3-D foot scanner. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2021.1917694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Hasuno
- Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaoru Abe
- Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaru Kanda
- Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ai Shoji
- Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
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25
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Shima H, Yasuda T, Hida T, Tsujinaka S, Togei K, Nakamura G, Neo M. Postural stability impairment in patients with bilateral hallux valgus: A case-control study using a stabilometer. Foot Ankle Surg 2021; 27:395-399. [PMID: 32624348 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hallux valgus (HV) is an important risk factor for falls (in older people); however, the detailed relationship is less understood. We aimed to evaluate postural stability in bilateral HV patients. METHODS Two groups of 20 female patients-an HV group and a C (i.e., non-HV) group-participated in this study. Evaluations were made using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), track length (LNG), velocity (VEL), enveloped area (ENV), and root mean square area (RMS). RESULTS TUG and FES scores were significantly higher and BBS scores were lower in the HV group than in the C group. LNG was significantly longer, VEL was higher, and ENV and RMS were wider in the HV group than in the C group. CONCLUSIONS The HV group exhibited impaired walking mobility, balance, and postural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Toshito Yasuda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Takashi Hida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirakata City Hospital, 2-14-1, Kinyahommachi, Hirakata, 573-1013, Japan.
| | - Seiya Tsujinaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Kosho Togei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Gen Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Masashi Neo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan.
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26
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Quantifying the Dynamic Stability of Gait Patterns in People with Hallux Valgus. Appl Bionics Biomech 2021; 2021:5543704. [PMID: 34046081 PMCID: PMC8128614 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hallux valgus (HV), which is mainly caused by the wearing of narrow-width and high-heeled shoes, disrupts gait behavior because it deforms lower limb joints. There is limited information regarding the relationship between the foot disease HV and lower limb joints. Previous studies evaluating abnormal gait patterns caused by deformity used spatiotemporal parameters; however, they failed to characterize the overall gait dynamics. To address this issue, this study is aimed at characterizing the gait stability of patients with HV and examining the joints that are critically affected by HV. To assess complex gait dynamics, we quantified the potential changes in gait stability by using the maximum Lyapunov exponent (MLE). Angular displacements of the ankle, knee, and hip in the sagittal plane during walking were investigated to calculate the MLE for gait stability based on foot conditions (i.e., barefoot, flat shoes, and high heels). During walking, a large MLE (P < 0.05) was noted for the knee joints of subjects with HV, relative to the other lower limb joints. HV appears to have the most critical effect on the knee joints during walking. Ankle movement exhibited higher dynamic stability than the other joint movements of the lower limb (P < 0.05). The type of shoe used in the experiment showed no significant dependence with gait stability and joint movement (P > 0.05). Quantitative assessments of dynamic stability using the MLE may help clinicians assess the overall gait dynamics of HV patients and other people suffering from gait disturbances.
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27
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Health View to Decrease Negative Effect of High Heels Wearing: A Systemic Review. Appl Bionics Biomech 2021; 2021:6618581. [PMID: 33790988 PMCID: PMC7984927 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6618581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective recommendations about how to decrease adverse effects of high heels (HH) need to be provided, since wearing HH is inevitable for most women in their daily life, regardless of their negative impacts on the foot morphology. The main purpose of this systematic review was to summarize studies which have provided specific information about how to effectively offset the negative effects of wearing HH, in the case of women, by means of examining heel height, insole, and heel base support (HBS). Some evidence indicate the following: (i) the range of appropriate heel height for HH shoes is 3.76 cm to 4.47 cm; (ii) compared to small HBS, the larger ones effectively increase gait stability, reduce risk of ankle injury, and improve comfort rating during HH walking; and (iii) the use of a total contact insert (TCI) significantly decreases plantar pressure and the impact on the foot, resulting in higher perceived comfort. It must be noted that these results are based on short-term research; therefore, any conclusions with regard to effects in the long term should be taken with a grain of salt. Nevertheless, future studies should be aimed at combining numerical and experimental methods, in order to provide personal recommendations for HH shoes by considering heel height and HBS size, based on the individual characters (weight, height, and age).
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Abstract
In this article, the author discusses the role of the podiatrist in sustaining and maintaining foot health. A number of core podiatry problems that are most commonly seen in the population are described, along with possible treatment options and when to refer to a podiatrist. The author also explains what is required to carry out a diabetic foot assessment, providing helpful links to resources and literature to aid practitioners' understanding of the processes involved, as well as providing a list of foot care tips to aid self-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Farndon
- Clinical Research Podiatrist/Research Lead, Integrated Community Care Directorate, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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29
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Shang J, Geng X, Wang C, Chen L, Zhang C, Huang J, Wang X, Yan A, Ma X. Influences of high-heeled shoe parameters on gait cycle, center of pressure trajectory, and plantar pressure in young females during treadmill walking. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021; 28:2309499020921978. [PMID: 32390534 DOI: 10.1177/2309499020921978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the influences of high-heeled shoe (HHS) parameters on gait cycle, center of pressure (COP) trajectory, and plantar pressure in young females. METHODS Twenty healthy adult females were recruited to participate in this study. Subjects walked on a treadmill at a fixed speed (1 m/s). Overall, six pairs of HHSs were evaluated, presenting two heel types (thin and thick) and three different heel heights (low: 3 cm, medium: 6 cm, and high: 8.2 cm). Subjects also wore flat shoes (heel height: 0.2 cm) as the control group. RESULTS The gait cycle, COP parameters, peak pressure (PP), maximum force, contact area (CA), and force-time integral (impulse) were measured. The comparison between these parameters when the volunteers wore thick heel and flat shoes at different walking conditions indicated that thin heels caused a significant increase in the pre-swing parameter, CA, and PP of the first toe and first metatarsus. Increased heel heights yielded smaller gait line lengths, single support lines, and smaller hindfoot areas. By contrast, increased anterior-posterior positions and plantar pressure parameter values were noted for the forefoot. CONCLUSIONS Data analyses showed significant differences in the plantar pressure distribution associated with heel height and heel type at increased pressure in the first metatarsal and central forefoot region and decreased pressure in the midfoot and heel sections, thus increasing anterior shift. The results presented herein may allow for the design of HHSs with reduced adverse health effects on the wearer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyinzi Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan Yan
- Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Potwar K, Lee D. A center of pressure progression model for walking with non heeled and heeled footwear. Gait Posture 2021; 84:300-307. [PMID: 33429192 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heeled footwear benefits people with movement disorder in the form of shoe lifts, wedges and inserts while its prolonged use causes foot injury in healthy people. There lies a need to detect parameters that affect COP progression of the foot and gait stability due to footwear. RESEARCH QUESTION Do we have bipedal models that can estimate gait parameters corresponding to different center of pressure (COP) trajectories? METHOD In this study, we propose a COP translation model that can account for non heeled to heeled footwear. We describe the COP progression as a function of the center of mass (COM) state. This model is used to generate stable steady state walking solutions for different COP profiles. We compare these model solutions with experimental data on non-heeled and heeled-gait. RESULTS The bipedal model shows stability across different COP profiles. The model estimates GRF profile (R2=0.83 for 1.3 m/s ) for non heeled normal walking qualitatively and on the temporal scale. It estimates GRF due to heeled gait (R2=0.83 for 1.08 m/s) but is limited in estimation of heeled gait parameters. SIGNIFICANCE A bipedal model that can generate stable steady state walking solutions for different forward progressing COP profiles can help in design of foot orthotics for patients with gait disorder and understand injuries occurring due to prolonged wear of rigid heeled footwear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karna Potwar
- Chair of Human Centered Assistive Robotics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
| | - Dongheui Lee
- Chair of Human Centered Assistive Robotics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Institute of Robotics & Mechatronics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany
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31
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Çatıker A, Zincir H, Seviğ EÜ. The effect of foot care protocol applied to older people on foot health problems and foot care behaviours: a randomised controlled trial in a nursing home. Scand J Caring Sci 2021; 35:1278-1289. [PMID: 33393104 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop a protective and improving protocol for foot health of the older people and to assess the effect of this protocol on foot problems, foot care knowledge levels and foot care behavior. METHODS This randomized controlled trial that was conducted in a nursing home in Turkey. The research was completed with 57 older people (28 intervention group, 29 control group) over the age of 60 living in a nursing home who met the eligibility criteria. Data were collected using the Older Person Identification Form, Foot Examination Form, Foot Care Knowledge Level Form, and Foot Care Behavior Scale at baseline and 6 months later. When assessing the study data; Descriptive statistics, Student t-test, Mann Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, chi-square test, continuity (Yates) correction, Fisher exact chi-square test, McNemar test and GEE were used. RESULTS At the end of the research, there were statistically significant improvements in problems related to dermatology (appearance, hygiene, and moisture); problems related to circulation (temperature); problems related to sensory issues (feeling and pain); problems related to footwear; and problems related to self-care between the intervention and control groups. Also, there were statistically significant improvements in problems related to dermatology (appearance and hygiene); problems related to circulation (temperature, color, and edema); and problems related to sensory issues (feeling and pain) for the posttest compared to the pretest in the intervention group (p < 0.05). In terms of foot care knowledge level and foot care behavior scale mean scores, statistically significant differences were found between the groups and for the intervention group pretest and posttest mean scores. CONCLUSION The foot care protocol applied to older people was identified to reduce foot problems by a significant level, and increase mean points for knowledge levels about foot care and the foot care behavior scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Çatıker
- Department of Nursing, Ordu University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Handan Zincir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Public Health Nursing Department, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emine Ümit Seviğ
- Faculty of Nursing, Public Health Nursing Department, Near East University, Nicosia/TRNC, Cyprus
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32
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James K, Orkaby AR, Schwartz AW. Foot Examination for Older Adults. Am J Med 2021; 134:30-35. [PMID: 32805226 PMCID: PMC9614715 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The foot changes with age. Foot disorders in older adults are associated with falls, lower limb ulcers, and pain. Physical examination of the feet as part of the routine assessment of older adults is imperative to detect foot problems. Foot pain and pathologies are common in older adults. Regular foot care is important to prevent these issues. However, some older adults may find it difficult to complete foot care, including cutting toenails. Regular foot examination can detect common foot problems, functional decline, and is recommended for preventing falls. We describe a technique for performing a focused examination of the feet for older adults. This review addresses current podiatric issues in older patient populations and describes a method for foot examination to address the needs of older adults that can be incorporated into patient assessments in any clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstyn James
- New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Mass; Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Ariela R Orkaby
- New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine/Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Andrea Wershof Schwartz
- New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine/Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
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Conde M, Hendry GJ, Woodburn J, Skelton DA. ´Feet are second class citizens`: exploring the perceptions of Scottish and Portuguese older adults about feet, falls and exercise- a qualitative study. J Foot Ankle Res 2020; 13:66. [PMID: 33176825 PMCID: PMC7659063 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-020-00434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Foot problems are likely to contribute to falls risk in older adults. Foot and ankle exercises may be beneficial, but uptake may be influenced by cultural factors. Few studies have explored the views of older adults from different cultural backgrounds about foot-specific falls risk factors, and foot and ankle falls prevention exercises. Objectives To explore the views of Scottish and Portuguese community-dwelling older adults who have experienced a fall, about any foot risk factors for falls, and foot and ankle exercises. Methods Cross-cultural qualitative study with (n = 6) focus groups exploring the perceptions of Scottish (n = 10, mean age 76 yrs) and Portuguese older adults (n = 14, mean age 66 years) aged, applying thematic analysis. Results One main theme `evolving awareness about feet and falls prevention´ and three subthemes; (i) Feet are often forgotten, (ii) the important role of footwear, (iii) need to look at my feet and do the exercises were identified. Scottish participants had more experience of falls prevention but there was a lack of knowledge surrounding foot-specific falls risk factors, and the role of ankle and foot exercise in the prevention of falls. Portuguese participants exhibited a fatalistic approach to falls. Conclusions Older adults from both nations had little knowledge of foot-specific falls risk factors, being initially unaware of the functional status of their feet and of the role of exercise in foot care and falls management. There were differences between national groups that should be accounted for when developing culturally adequate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Conde
- School of health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, G4 0BA, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Gordon J Hendry
- School of health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, G4 0BA, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Jim Woodburn
- School of health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, G4 0BA, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Dawn A Skelton
- School of health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, G4 0BA, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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34
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Bionic Footwear Effect to Lower Limb Locomotion in Biomechanical Analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.47.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many scientific data have proven that regular wearing of high-heeled shoes adversely affects human health. Recent evidence suggested that bionic heels imitated hoofed animals have attracted widespread attention. However, few biomechanical studies have investigated the effects of bionic high-heeled footwear on the lower limbs. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the impact of bionic high-heeled shoes (HHS) on the biomechanical characteristics of lower limbs by comparing kinematics and kinetics of walking in HHS and bionic flat-bottomed shoes (FBS). they find that when the subjects wore HHS, the loading is concentrated in the forefoot region for a much longer time. Couple with HHS lacks the cushioning effect of the complete sole, the sole has to rely only on plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the ankle joint to cushion the impact force, which will undoubtedly increase the fatigue damage of the ankle joint. The unique split-toe structure balances the loading between the toes could reduce the risk of toes injury during walking. However, there are still risks of injury to the lower limbs of HHS, especially the ankle and knee joints.
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Shang J, Chen L, Zhang S, Zhang C, Huang J, Wang X, Yan A, Ma X. Influence of high-heeled shoe parameters on biomechanical performance of young female adults during stair ascent motion. Gait Posture 2020; 81:159-165. [PMID: 32738740 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-heeled shoes are currently preferred by women due to contemporary aesthetics. However, high-heeled shoes may increase the effort required to ascend stairs and, hence, alter biomechanical performance. RESEARCH QUESTION How do high-heel shoe parameters affect the pelvis position, lower extremities kinematics, and ground reaction force in young women during stair ascent motion? METHODS Stair ascent experiments were performed with 20 healthy adult women. The participants were instructed to ascend a 3-step staircase, wearing heeled shoes of different heel heights and heel types and one pair of flat shoes as the control group. Changes in lower body biomechanics were analyzed with kinematics and ground reaction force variables collected from the dominant limb. A two-way repeated ANOVA was performed to determine which variables were affected by heel type and which were affected by heel height or a combination of both. RESULTS As the heel height increased, an increased range of ankle dorsiflexion-plantarflexion, as well as pelvic rotation, was observed(P = 0.039 and P = 0.003, respectively). A thinner heel type displayed a larger pelvic forward tilt movement(P = 0.026)and 1st peak vertical force(P = 0.025), as well as a smaller 2nd peak vertical force (P = 0.002). With high heels, increased external rotation of the knee, inversion and plantar flexion, and flexion values of the knee were observed. We also observed decreased external rotation of the pelvis, ankle eversion, varum, and dorsiflexion. SIGNIFICANCE To stabilize body posture during stair ascent motion with high-heeled shoes, compensatory response including increasd pelvic range of motion and changing the joint angles of the lower extremities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyinzi Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alan Yan
- Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Terrill AJ, Green KJ, Salerno A, Butterworth PA. Risk factors for infection following ingrowing toenail surgery: a retrospective cohort study. J Foot Ankle Res 2020; 13:48. [PMID: 32727511 PMCID: PMC7391500 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-020-00414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ingrowing toenails are a common and painful condition often requiring surgical management. Practitioners who perform surgery on ingrowing toenails include orthopaedic surgeons, general practitioners, podiatrists and podiatric surgeons. There has been limited investigation into the specific surgical approaches used by Australian podiatric surgeons for ingrowing toenails, or the associated infection rates for these procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and type of ingrowing toenail surgery performed by podiatric surgeons, and identify risk factors for post-operative infection. METHODS Data was entered into the Australian College Podiatric Surgeons (ACPS) National Audit Tool for all patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery performed by podiatric surgeons in Australia between January 2014 and December 2017. Infection within the first 30 days following surgery was recorded according to the ACPS national audit descriptors. Infection rates, risk ratios (RR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated to determine postoperative infection risk. RESULTS Of 7682 records, 1831 reported 2712 diagnoses of ingrowing nails. Patients with a diagnosis of ingrowing toenails were younger, less likely to have systemic disease, and a lower proportion were female compared to those without ingrowing toenails. Furthermore, they were more likely to be diagnosed with a post-operative infection than those without ingrowing toenails (RR = 2.72; CI = 2.00-3.69; P < 0.01). Univariate risk factors for post-operative infection following ingrowing toenail surgery include age greater than 60 years (RR = 3.16; CI = 1.53-6.51; P < 0.01), surgery performed in an office setting (RR = 1.77; CI = 1.05-2.98; P = 0.04), and radical excision of toenail bed procedure (RR = 2.35; CI = 1.08-5.01; P = 0.04). Patients that underwent radical excision or office based procedures were on average older, and more likely to have systemic disease. Further, radical excision procedures were more likely to be performed in office base settings. CONCLUSIONS Ingrowing toenail surgery carries a greater risk of postoperative infection than other procedures performed by podiatric surgeons. Radical excision of toenail bed was associated with higher postoperative infection rates compared to other ingrowing toenail procedures. Procedures performed in an office setting carry a higher risk of infection. Further research into these associations is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Terrill
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, 4225, Australia.
| | - Katie J Green
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, 4225, Australia
| | | | - Paul A Butterworth
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, 4225, Australia
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Jalali A, Azadinia F, Jalali M, Saeedi H, Shahabi S, Rajabi Moghadam A. Evaluating shoe fit in older adults using a 3D scanner: a cross-sectional observational study. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2020.1790671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azin Jalali
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azadinia
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalali
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Saeedi
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rajabi Moghadam
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Garcia CA, Soler FC. Effectiveness of Three Scalpel Debridement Techniques on Painful Callus in Older People. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2020; 110:444551. [PMID: 32997761 DOI: 10.7547/17-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plantar hyperkeratotic lesions are prevalent foot problems in the older population, affecting 30% to 65% of people older than 65 years. Their onset is a common cause of foot pain due to the release of inflammatory mediators. Because of its simplicity, scalpel debridement is the most common treatment. We assessed how the degree of plantar hyperkeratosis debridement affects self-perception of pain in older people. METHODS Three hundred older participants (mean ± SD age, 76.3 ± 7.4 years) were randomly allocated to receive full debridement (FD) of plantar hyperkeratoses, partial debridement (PD) of plantar hyperkeratoses, or debridement simulation (control group). Plantar hyperkeratotic pain was measured on a visual analog scale before treatment, just after treatment, 24 hours after treatment, and 7 days after treatment. RESULTS Both FD and PD of plantar hyperkeratoses of the forefoot generate similar levels of self-perception of pain just after treatment (P = .32), 24 hours after treatment (P = .15), and 7 days after treatment (P = .22). Significant differences were found between the groups treated using a scalpel (FD and PD) and the control group just after treatment (P = .04 for FD; P = .05 for PD), 24 hours after treatment (P = .03 for FD; P = .04 for PD), and 7 days after treatment (P = .04 for FD and PD). CONCLUSIONS The results of this trial suggest that there are no significant differences in pain reduction between PD and FD of forefoot plantar hyperkeratoses in older people.
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Watkins C, Leitch A. Using Sexual Selection Theories to Examine Contextual Variation in Heterosexual Women's Orientation Toward High Heels. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:849-860. [PMID: 31529224 PMCID: PMC7058566 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High heels are symbols of female sexuality and are "costly signals" if the risks of wearing them are offset by improving women's attractiveness to men. From a functionalist perspective, the costs versus benefits of wearing heels may vary according to personal and contextual factors, such as her effectiveness at competing for mates, or at times when such motives are stronger. Here, we examined potential differences between women (self-rated attractiveness, dyadic versus solitary sexual desire, women's age, competitive attitudes toward other women) and contextual variation (priming mating and competitive motives) in their responses to high heels. Study 1 (N = 79) and Study 2 (N = 273) revealed that self-rated attractiveness was positively related to orientation toward heeled shoes. When examining responses to two very attractive shoes (one higher heel, one lower heel) in Study 2, dyadic sexual desire, but not solitary sexual desire or intrasexual competitiveness, predicted their inclination to buy the higher-heeled shoe. In Study 3 (N = 142), young women chose high heels when primed with free choice of a designer shoe (95% CI [53.02 mm, 67.37 mm]) and preferred a heel 22 mm (0.87") higher than older women (Study 4, N = 247). Contrary to predictions, priming mating or competitive motives did not alter women's preference toward a higher heel (Studies 3 and 4). Our studies suggest that attractive women augment their physical appeal via heels. High heels may be a subtle indicator of dyadic sexual desire, and preferences for heels are stronger at times in the lifespan when mating competition is relatively intense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Watkins
- Division of Psychology, School of Social and Health Sciences, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee, DD11HG, Scotland.
| | - Amanda Leitch
- Division of Psychology, School of Social and Health Sciences, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee, DD11HG, Scotland
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40
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O'Rourke B, Walsh ME, Brophy R, Vallely S, Murphy N, Conroy B, Cunningham C, Horgan NF. Does the shoe really fit? Characterising ill-fitting footwear among community-dwelling older adults attending geriatric services: an observational cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:55. [PMID: 32054464 PMCID: PMC7020372 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-1448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Falls in older people are common and can result in loss of confidence, fear of falling, restriction in activity and loss of independence. Causes of falls are multi-factorial. There is a paucity of research assessing the footwear characteristics among older people who are at high risk of falls, internationally and in the Irish setting. The aim of this study was to examine the proportion of older adults attending a geriatric day hospital in Ireland who were wearing incorrectly sized shoes. Methods A consecutive sample of 111 older adults aged 60 years and over attending a geriatric day hospital in a large Irish teaching hospital was recruited. Demographic data including age, mobility, medications, co-habitation status, footwear worn at home and falls history were recorded. Shoe size and foot length were measured in millimetres using an internal shoe gauge and SATRA shoe size stick, respectively. Participants’ self-reported shoe size was recorded. Footwear was assessed using the Footwear Assessment Form (FAF). A Timed Up and Go (TUG) score was recorded. Functional independence was assessed using the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) Scale. The primary outcome of interest in this study was selected as having footwear within the suggested range (10 to 15 mm) on at least one foot. Participants who met this definition were compared to those with ill-fitting footwear on both feet using Chi-square tests, T-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests. Results The mean difference between shoe length and foot length was 18.6 mm (SD: 9.6 mm). Overall, 72% of participants were wearing footwear that did not fit correctly on both feet, 90% had shoes with smooth, partly worn or fully worn sole treading and 67% reported wearing slippers at home. Participant age, TUG score and NEADL score were not associated with ill-fitting footwear. Conclusions Wearing incorrectly fitting shoes and shoes with unsafe features was common among older adults attending geriatric day services in this study. A large number of participants reported wearing slippers at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O'Rourke
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - M E Walsh
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Health Research Board (HRB) Centre for Primary Care Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - R Brophy
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Vallely
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - N Murphy
- Physiotherapy Department, St James's hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - B Conroy
- Robert Mayne Day Hospital, St James's hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - C Cunningham
- Mercers Institute for Successful Ageing (MISA), St James's hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - N F Horgan
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Hassan NM, Shields N, Landorf KB, Buldt AK, Taylor NF, Evans AM, Williams CM, Menz HB, Munteanu SE. Efficacy of custom-fitted footwear to increase physical activity in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (ShoeFIT): randomised pilot study. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 43:2131-2140. [PMID: 31756300 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1692380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the feasibility of conducting a definitive randomised trial to evaluate the efficacy of custom-fitted footwear for increasing physical activity in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. METHODS Assessor-blinded, parallel-group randomised pilot study. Thirty-three children and adolescents with Down syndrome were randomly allocated to a custom-fitted footwear group (Clarks® footwear) or a wait-list control group. Six feasibility domains were evaluated at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks; demand (recruitment), implementation (co-interventions and adherence), acceptability, practicality (adverse events), limited efficacy testing (physical activity, disability associated with foot and ankle problems, and gait parameters), and adaptation (shoe-fit). RESULTS Three participants were recruited per month. The use of co-interventions was common with six control group participants purchasing new footwear during the study. Mean adherence was 35 h/week in the custom-fitted footwear group, and there were few minor adverse events. There were trends for differences in physical activity favouring the custom-fitted footwear, but no trends for differences in disability associated with foot and ankle problems or gait parameters. The fit of the custom-fitted footwear was no better than participants' regular footwear. CONCLUSIONS A definitive randomised trial is feasible. However, recruitment, use of co-interventions and footwear fit need further consideration.Implications for rehabilitationConducting a definitive randomised trial to determine the efficacy of custom-fitted footwear in increasing physical activity in children and adolescents with Down syndrome is feasible.Custom-fitted footwear may improve physical activity in children and adolescents with Down syndrome.Commercially available footwear may not be suitable for children and adolescents with Down syndrome due to their unique foot shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmeen M Hassan
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Living with Disability Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nora Shields
- Living with Disability Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karl B Landorf
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew K Buldt
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas F Taylor
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela M Evans
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cylie M Williams
- Physiotherapy Department, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Allied Health, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hylton B Menz
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shannon E Munteanu
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Living with Disability Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Concurrent Validity of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire and Study Short Form 36 for Measuring the Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Foot Problems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55110750. [PMID: 31752435 PMCID: PMC6915642 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55110750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Foot problems may be considered to be a prevalent condition and impact the health-related quality of life (QoL). Considering these Spanish-validated tools, the Foot Health Status questionnaire (FHSQ) may provide a health-related QoL measurement for specific foot conditions and general status. To date, the domains of the FHSQ and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) have not been correlated. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to correlate the domains of the FHSQ and SF-36 in patients with foot problems. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. A sample of 101 patients with foot problems was recruited. A single researcher collected descriptive data, and outcome measurements (FHSQ and SF-36) were self-reported. Results: Spearman's correlation coefficients (rs) were calculated and categorized as weak (rs = 0.00-0.40), moderate (rs = 0.41-0.69), or strong (rs = 0.70-1.00). In all analyses, statistical significance was considered with a p-value < 0.01 with a 99% confidence interval. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) were found between all domains of FHSQ and SF-36, except for the mental health domain of the SF-36 with foot pain, foot function, and general foot health of the FHSQ, as well as between the vitality domain of the SF-36 and the general foot health domain of the FHSQ (p > 0.01). Statistically significant correlations varied from week to strong (rs = 0.25-0.97). The strongest correlations (p < 0.001) were found for physical activity and physical function (rs = 0.94), vigor and vitality (rs = 0.89), social capacity and social function (rs = 0.97), and general health domains of the SF-36 and FHSQ. Conclusions: The FHSQ and SF-36 showed an adequate concurrent validity, especially for the physical activity or function, vigor or vitality, social capacity or function, and general health domains. Nevertheless, the mental health domain of the SF-36 should be considered with caution.
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Jacobs JL, Ridge ST, Bruening DA, Brewerton KA, Gifford JR, Hoopes DM, Johnson AW. Passive hallux adduction decreases lateral plantar artery blood flow: a preliminary study of the potential influence of narrow toe box shoes. J Foot Ankle Res 2019; 12:50. [PMID: 31700547 PMCID: PMC6829837 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-019-0361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood flow is essential in maintaining tissue health. Thus, compromised blood flow can prevent tissue healing. An adducted hallux, as seen inside a narrow shoe, may put passive tension on the abductor hallucis, compressing the lateral plantar artery into the calcaneus and restricting blood flow. The purposes of this study were to compare lateral plantar artery blood flow before and after passive hallux adduction and to compare blood flow with arch height. Methods Forty-five healthy volunteers (20 female, 25 male; age = 24.8 ± 6.8 yr; height = 1.7 ± 0.1 m; weight = 73.4 ± 13.5 kg) participated in this cross-over design study. Arch height index (AHI) was calculated, and blood flow measurements were obtained using ultrasound (L8-18i transducer, GE Logiq S8). The lateral plantar artery was imaged deep to abductor hallucis for 120 s: 60 s at rest, then 60 s of passive hallux adduction. Maximal passive hallux adduction was performed by applying pressure to the medial side of the hallux. Blood flow was calculated in mL/min, and pre-passive hallux adduction was compared to blood flow during passive hallux adduction. Results Log transformed data was used to run a paired t-test between the preadduction and postadduction blood flow. The volume of blood flow was 22.2% lower after passive hallux adduction compared to before (- 0.250 ± 0.063, p < 0.001). As AHI decreased, there was a greater negative change in blood flow. As baseline blood flow increased, there was also a greater negative change in blood flow. Conclusions Our preliminary findings of decreased blood flow through passive hallux adduction indicate conditions that elicit passive hallux adduction (e.g. wearing narrow-toed shoes) may have important effects on foot blood flow. Individuals with lower AHI appear to have a greater risk of decreased blood flow with passive hallux adduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Jacobs
- 1Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 106 Smith Fieldhouse, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Sarah T Ridge
- 1Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 106 Smith Fieldhouse, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Dustin A Bruening
- 1Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 106 Smith Fieldhouse, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - K Annie Brewerton
- 1Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 106 Smith Fieldhouse, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Jayson R Gifford
- 1Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 106 Smith Fieldhouse, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Daniel M Hoopes
- Revere Health Orthopaedics, 1055 North 500 West #121, Building C, Provo, UT 84604 USA
| | - A Wayne Johnson
- 1Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 106 Smith Fieldhouse, Provo, UT 84602 USA
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Jellema AH, Huysmans T, Hartholt K, van der Cammen TJM. Shoe design for older adults: Evidence from a systematic review on the elements of optimal footwear. Maturitas 2019; 127:64-81. [PMID: 31351522 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to changes in foot morphology and the occurrence of foot deformities and foot pain with ageing, older people frequently wear ill-fitting shoes. This can lead to discomfort and reduced mobility. A review of the literature was performed in Medline, Scopus and Embase with three aims: (a) to evaluate the effects of shoes or shoe elements on the comfort and mobility of older adults, (b) to summarise the evidence-based elements of a safe and comfortable shoe for older adults, and (c) from that, to compile those elements into design recommendations for a safe and comfortable shoe for older adults. Safe elements of footwear include proper anatomical fit, a well-fitting toe box, limited heel height, a broad enough heel, a firm insole and midsole, an outsole with sufficient tread, bevelled heel, firm heel counter with snug fit, and an easy and effective closing mechanism. We conclude that there is a need for shoe design specifically aimed at the foot morphology and demands of older people. The shoe market should increase the availability of well-fitting shoes designed for the older foot and person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton H Jellema
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Toon Huysmans
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas Hartholt
- Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Tischa J M van der Cammen
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Holowka NB, Wynands B, Drechsel TJ, Yegian AK, Tobolsky VA, Okutoyi P, Mang'eni Ojiambo R, Haile DW, Sigei TK, Zippenfennig C, Milani TL, Lieberman DE. Foot callus thickness does not trade off protection for tactile sensitivity during walking. Nature 2019; 571:261-264. [PMID: 31243365 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Until relatively recently, humans, similar to other animals, were habitually barefoot. Therefore, the soles of our feet were the only direct contact between the body and the ground when walking. There is indirect evidence that footwear such as sandals and moccasins were first invented within the past 40 thousand years1, the oldest recovered footwear dates to eight thousand years ago2 and inexpensive shoes with cushioned heels were not developed until the Industrial Revolution3. Because calluses-thickened and hardened areas of the epidermal layer of the skin-are the evolutionary solution to protecting the foot, we wondered whether they differ from shoes in maintaining tactile sensitivity during walking, especially at initial foot contact, to improve safety on surfaces that can be slippery, abrasive or otherwise injurious or uncomfortable. Here we show that, as expected, people from Kenya and the United States who frequently walk barefoot have thicker and harder calluses than those who typically use footwear. However, in contrast to shoes, callus thickness does not trade-off protection, measured as hardness and stiffness, for the ability to perceive tactile stimuli at frequencies experienced during walking. Additionally, unlike cushioned footwear, callus thickness does not affect how hard the feet strike the ground during walking, as indicated by impact forces. Along with providing protection and comfort at the cost of tactile sensitivity, cushioned footwear also lowers rates of loading at impact but increases force impulses, with unknown effects on the skeleton that merit future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Holowka
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bert Wynands
- Human Movement Science and Health, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Tina J Drechsel
- Human Movement Science and Health, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Andrew K Yegian
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Victoria A Tobolsky
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul Okutoyi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Moi University Medical School, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Robert Mang'eni Ojiambo
- Department of Physiology, Moi University Medical School, Eldoret, Kenya.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
| | - Diresibachew W Haile
- Department of Physiology, Moi University Medical School, Eldoret, Kenya.,Department of Physiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Timothy K Sigei
- Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Claudio Zippenfennig
- Human Movement Science and Health, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Thomas L Milani
- Human Movement Science and Health, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Daniel E Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Everyday footwear: An overview of what we know and what we should know on ill-fitting footwear and associated pain and pathology. Foot (Edinb) 2019; 39:11-14. [PMID: 30851650 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Footwear has been used to protect feet for millennia with socially exclusive population adopting stylish and fashionable shoes with expensive materials. In terms of historic timeline, only more recently footwear has been worn by all classes in the western world as an integral part of their apparel. Traditionally, footwear has been constructed from natural materials, mainly leather, but has recently benefitted from the flexibility that technology has provided with a plethora materials and new design innovations. Although it has expanded the availability for a variety of consumers, the choice and fit continue to be problematic with many individuals wearing shoes that are ill-fitting. Provision of specific footwear advice for problem feet is poorly evidenced and is heavily practitioner dependant limiting its efficacy. There is limited understanding as to the changes that can occur from regularly wearing footwear that is unsuitable in shape, style and construction which is referred to as ill-fitting. Current research on the effect that everyday footwear has on foot function and pain focuses mainly on women's shoes, particularly high heels. Defining what is a good fitting shoe, that does not damage the foot or mechanics of walking, may need to be individualised, but best fit is based on loose historical parameters rather than research evidence. The aim of this overview is to highlight aspects of current research, establishing what is known about the effect's shoes have on the feet as well as exploring the mythology around footwear fit and advice that is often historical in nature.
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Sánchez-Gómez R, Bengoa-Vallejo RBD, Losa-Iglesias ME, Calvo-Lobo C, Romero-Morales C, Martínez-Jiménez EM, Palomo-López P, López-López D. Heel Height as an Etiology of Hallux Abductus Valgus Development: An electromagnetic Static and Dynamic First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Study. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19061328. [PMID: 30884845 PMCID: PMC6471076 DOI: 10.3390/s19061328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hallux abductus valgus (HAV) is a forefoot condition produced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Shoes with a high heel height and a typical narrow tip toe box can induce deviations in both the proximal phalanx of the hallux (PPH) and the first metatarsal (IMTT) bones. Nevertheless, the isolated role of heel height remains unclear in the development of HAV pathology. Objectives: The goal was to determine if the heel height increase of shoes without a narrow box toe could augment the PPH and IMTT deviation in frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes toward the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) and the first metatarsocuneiform joint (MCJ), respectively, during static and dynamic conditions in relation to precursor movements of HAV. Methods: Women with an average age of 25.10 ± 4.67 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study to assess the three planes of motion of PPH and IMTT while wearing high heels with heights at 3, 6, 9 cm and unshod conditions via sandals. The measurements used an electromagnetic goniometer device with sensors placed on medial aspects of the PPH and IMTT bones under static and dynamic conditions. Results: Wearing shoes with a 6 cm heel in dynamic condition may increase the PPH valgus and abduction deviation from 3.15 ± 0.10° to 3.46 ± 0.05° (p < 0.05) and from 1.35 ± 0.28° to 1.69 ± 0.30° (p < 0.001), respectively. In addition, a PPH abduction increase from 1.01 ± 0.36° to 1.31 ± 0.46° (p < 0.05) after wearing shoes with a 6 cm heel height was observed under static conditions. Conclusions: Wearing shoes with a heel height of 6 cm without a narrow box toe interference may produce PPH abduction and valgus deviations related to HAV formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Sánchez-Gómez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - César Calvo-Lobo
- Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de León, Ponferrada, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Carlos Romero-Morales
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva María Martínez-Jiménez
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry,Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain.
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Nakai K, Zeidan H, Suzuki Y, Kajiwara Y, Shimoura K, Tatsumi M, Nishida Y, Bitoh T, Yoshimi S, Aoyama T. Relationship between forefoot structure, including the transverse arch, and forefoot pain in patients with hallux valgus. J Phys Ther Sci 2019; 31:202-205. [PMID: 30858663 PMCID: PMC6382484 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.31.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Hallux valgus occurs in the forefoot where the transverse arch is located and
may be a factor involved in forefoot pain. The relationship between forefoot pain and
forefoot structure is unknown. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between
forefoot pain and the transverse arch in patients with hallux valgus. [Participants and
Methods] In this study, 122 (197 feet) adult females (46 to 86 years old) with hallux
valgus were studied. By using questionnaires, the females were divided into two groups
depending on whether or not they had forefoot pain (a group with forefoot pain [P group]
and a group without forefoot pain [NP group]). The hallux valgus angle was measured using
a goniometer, and the transverse arch was measured using a weight-bearing plantar
ultrasonography imaging device. The transverse arch measurements included the transverse
arch height and length. [Results] Only the transverse arch length, even after adjustment,
was significantly greater in the P group. No significant difference was found between the
hallux valgus angle and the transverse arch height. [Conclusion] The greater transverse
arch length in the P group was possibly due to the collapsing transverse arch support
muscles. Increased width probably caused inadequate impact absorption which in turn led to
forefoot pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Nakai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University: 53 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hala Zeidan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University: 53 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University: 53 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuu Kajiwara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University: 53 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kanako Shimoura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University: 53 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masataka Tatsumi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University: 53 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nishida
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University: 53 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Bitoh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University: 53 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Soyoka Yoshimi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University: 53 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University: 53 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Özandaç Polat S, Yücel AH. Wearing high-heeled shoes increases the foot arch angle inducing measurable changes in the musculoskeletal system. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2019; 31:1119-1129. [PMID: 30010098 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-170891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The study determined the effects of females wearing high-heeled shoes on the lower extremity musculoskeletal system and somatometry. METHODS The study was carried out with 136 females between 18 and 45 years old. The first group consisted of 66 females wearing 5 cm or higher high-heeled shoes, at least 5 hours a day, three days a week, and at least one year. The second group consisted of 70 females wearing shoes with heel height less than 5 cm for at least one year. RESULTS Differences in length parameters may result from the narrow and pointed toe of the high-heeled shoe. These shoes distribute the pressure on the caput ossis metatarsi I and compress the foot in this area. Differences in anthropometric measurements show that females wearing high-heeled shoes have more slender and smaller foot structure. CONCLUSION These findings show that regular wearing of high-heeled shoes causes changes via the increased foot arch structure. These alterations result from regional, racial, gender, heel height, shoe type (shape), and shoe habits.
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50
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The Effect of Plantar Hyperkeratosis Debridement on Self-Perception of Pain Levels in older People. INT J GERONTOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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