Review
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World J Transl Med. Dec 12, 2013; 2(3): 36-48
Published online Dec 12, 2013. doi: 10.5528/wjtm.v2.i3.36
Hypo-activity induced skeletal muscle atrophy and potential nutritional interventions: A review
Emma L Bostock, Christopher I Morse, Keith Winwood, Islay McEwan, Gladys L Onambélé-Pearson
Emma L Bostock, Christopher I Morse, Keith Winwood, Islay McEwan, Gladys L Onambélé-Pearson, Institute for Performance Research, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe CW1 5DU, United Kingdom
Author contributions: All the authors contributed to this work.
Correspondence to: Gladys L Onambélé-Pearson, PhD, Institute for Performance Research, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe Green Road, Valentine Building, Room 2-7, Crewe CW1 5DU, United Kingdom. g.pearson@mmu.ac.uk
Telephone: +44-161-2475594 Fax: +44-161-2476386
Received: May 24, 2013
Revised: September 7, 2013
Accepted: November 1, 2013
Published online: December 12, 2013
Processing time: 226 Days and 23 Hours
Core Tip

Core tip: This review summarises and compares the morphological, strength and fatigability changes in response to different models of hypo-activity. The hypo-activity models include de-training, bed-rest, immobilisation and unilateral lower limb suspension. There is a step-wise difference in the magnitude of muscle and somewhat strength losses so that, even after accounting for differential durations of interventions immobilisation ≥ unilateral lower limb suspension ≥ bed-rest ≥ de-training. Muscle fatigability varies between hypo-activity models but the results are equivocal and this may be due to task-specific adaptations. This review also highlights several potential nutritional interventions for attenuating hypo-activity induced changes.