Puspitasari M, Wardhani Y, Sattwika PD, Wijaya W. Patterns of kidney diseases diagnosed by kidney biopsy and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A single-center study. World J Nephrol 2024; 13(4): 100087 [DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.100087]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Metalia Puspitasari, Doctor, MD, MSc, Consultant Physician-Scientist, Doctor, Researcher, Senior Lecturer, Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jln. Farmako, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. metaliapuspitasari@ugm.ac.id
Research Domain of This Article
Urology & Nephrology
Article-Type of This Article
Retrospective Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
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Table 2 Histopathology results stratified by sexes, n (%)
Histopathology
Female (n = 43)
Male (n = 32)
P value
Chronic glomerulonephritis
1 (2.3)
3 (9.4)
0.307
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
4 (9.3)
4 (12.5)
0.717
Global glomerulosclerosis
3 (7.0)
2 (6.3)
1.000
Glomerulopathy
1 (2.3)
2 (6.3)
0.572
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
2 (4.7)
2 (6.3)
1.000
Lupus nephritis
18 (41.7)
7 (21.9)
0.069
Class I
2 (4.7)
1 (3.1)
0.805
Class II
2 (4.7)
2 (6.3)
1.000
Class III
6 (14.0)
1 (3.1)
0.227
Class IV
8 (18.6)
3 (9.4)
0.335
Minimal change disease
11 (25.6)
9 (28.1)
1.000
Nephrosclerosis
1 (2.3)
0 (0)
1.000
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
1 (2.3)
0 (0)
1.000
Tubulointerstitial nephritis
1 (2.3)
1 (3.1)
1.000
Normal
0 (0)
2 (6.3)
0.179
Total
43 (57.3)
32 (42.7)
Table 3 Histopathology results stratified by age categories, n (%)
Histopathology
Age < 25 years old (n = 30)
Age ≥ 25 years old (n = 45)
P value
Chronic glomerulonephritis
0 (0)
4 (10.5)
0.145
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
3 (10.0)
5 (11.1)
1.000
Global glomerulosclerosis
1 (3.3)
4 (8.9)
0.642
Glomerulopathy
3 (10.0)
0 (0)
0.060
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
1 (3.3)
3 (6.7)
0.646
Lupus nephritis
8 (26.7)
17 (37.8)
0.317
Class I
1 (3.3)
2 (4.4)
1.000
Class II
1 (3.3)
3 (6.7)
0.646
Class III
3 (10.0)
4 (8.9)
1.000
Class IV
3 (10.0)
8 (17.8)
0.509
Minimal change disease
11 (36.7)
9 (20.0)
0.110
Nephrosclerosis
1 (3.3)
0 (0)
0.400
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
1 (3.3)
0 (0)
0.400
Tubulointerstitial nephritis
1 (3.3)
1 (2.2)
1.000
Normal
0 (0)
2 (4.4)
0.514
Total
30 (40)
45 (60)
Table 4 Histopathology results stratified by clinical syndromes, n (%)
Histopathology
Nephritic syndrome (n = 60)
Nephrotic syndrome (n = 15)
P value
Chronic glomerulonephritis
3 (5.0)
1 (6.7)
1.000
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
6 (10.0)
2 (13.3)
0.657
Global glomerulosclerosis
4 (6.7)
1 (6.7)
1.000
Glomerulopathy
3 (5.0)
0 (0)
1.000
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
3 (5.0)
1 (6.7)
1.000
Lupus nephritis
22 (36.7)
3 (20)
0.221
Class I
3 (5.0)
0 (0)
1.000
Class II
4 (6.7)
0 (0)
0.578
Class III
5 (8.3)
2 (13.3)
0.622
Class IV
10 (16.7)
1 (6.7)
0.445
Minimal change disease
14 (23.3)
6 (40)
0.207
Nephrosclerosis
1 (1.7)
0 (0)
1.000
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
1 (1.7)
0 (0)
1.000
Tubulointerstitial nephritis
2 (3.3)
0 (0)
1.000
Normal
1 (1.7)
1 (6.7)
0.362
Total
60 (80)
15 (20)
Table 5 Histopathology results stratified by biopsy dates relative to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, n (%)
Histopathology
Before COVID-19 pandemic (n = 33)
During COVID-19 pandemic (n = 42)
P value
Chronic glomerulonephritis
0 (0)
4 (9.5)
0.126
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
4 (21.1)
4 (9.5)
0.725
Global glomerulosclerosis
4 (12.1)
1 (2.4)
0.163
Glomerulopathy
0 (0.0)
3 (7.1)
0.251
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
2 (6.1)
2 (4.8)
1.000
Lupus nephritis
6 (18.2)
19 (45.2)
0.014
Class I
1 (3.0)
2 (4.8)
1.000
Class II
0 (0.0)
4 (9.5)
0.126
Class III
1 (3.0)
6 (14.3)
0.126
Class IV
4 (12.1)
7 (16.7)
0.746
Minimal change disease
14 (42.4)
6 (14.3)
0.006
Nephrosclerosis
1 (3.0)
0 (0.0)
0.440
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
0 (0.0)
1 (2.4)
1.000
Tubulointerstitial nephritis
1 (3.0)
1 (2.4)
1.000
Normal
1 (3.0)
1 (2.4)
1.000
Total
33 (44.0)
42 (56.0)
Citation: Puspitasari M, Wardhani Y, Sattwika PD, Wijaya W. Patterns of kidney diseases diagnosed by kidney biopsy and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A single-center study. World J Nephrol 2024; 13(4): 100087