Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management of chronic kidney disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Figure 1 Distribution of human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals determined by the KDIGO 2012 classification. The percentage of HIV-infected individuals in each category is expressed in each color box. The cohort includes 1447 HIV-infected patients. The prevalence of individuals in the green, yellow, orange, and red zone was 85.9%, 11.0%, 2.1%, and 1.0%, respectively. KDIGO: Kidney Disease: Outcomes Quality Initiative; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; A1: No proteinuria (dipstick - or +/-); A2: Mild proteinuria (dipstick 1+ or 2+); A3: Heavy proteinuria (dipstick ≥ 3+); HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.

Figure 2 Flow chart for management of chronic kidney disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. This algorithm includes a clinical flow from screening of risk factors to identification, evaluation and follow-up care of patients for prevalent or incident CKD. CKD: Chronic kidney disease; HTN: Hypertension; DM: Diabetes mellitus; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; NAG: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase; M: Microglobulin; ART: Anti-retroviral therapy; ATV: Atazanavir; TDF: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.