Catena C, Colussi G, Nait F, Pezzutto F, Martinis F, Sechi LA. Early renal failure as a cardiovascular disease: Focus on lipoprotein(a) and prothrombotic state. World J Nephrol 2015; 4(3): 374-378 [PMID: 26167461 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v4.i3.374]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Leonardo A Sechi, MD, Clinica Medica, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 208, 33100 Udine, Italy. sechi@uniud.it
Research Domain of This Article
Urology & Nephrology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Cristiana Catena, GianLuca Colussi, Francesca Nait, Francesca Pezzutto, Flavia Martinis, Leonardo A Sechi, Clinica Medica, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
Author contributions: Catena C and Sechi LA planned the article outline, retrived articles from the literature, wrote the manuscript; Colussi G, Nait F, Pezzutto F and Marinis F retrieved articles from the literature and critically reviewed the manuscript.
Supported by A European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST-BM1301) grant (to Catena C); and by a generous contribution of the PierSilverio Nassimbeni Foundation (to Catena C and Sechi LA).
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Leonardo A Sechi, MD, Clinica Medica, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 208, 33100 Udine, Italy. sechi@uniud.it
Telephone: +39-432-559804 Fax: +39-432-559890
Received: January 20, 2015 Peer-review started: January 20, 2015 First decision: February 7, 2015 Revised: April 2, 2015 Accepted: April 27, 2015 Article in press: April 29, 2015 Published online: July 6, 2015 Processing time: 167 Days and 15.8 Hours
Abstract
Patients with renal failure are at increased risk of cardiovascular events even at the earliest stages of disease. In addition to many classic cardiovascular risk factors, many conditions that are commonly identified as emerging risk factors might contribute to occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Changes in circulating levels of many of these emerging risk factors have been demonstrated in patients with early stages of renal failure caused by different types of renal disease and have been associated with detection of cardiovascular complications. However, for most of these factors evidence of benefits of correction on cardiovascular outcome is missing. In this article, we comment on the role of lipoprotein(a) and prothrombotic factors as potential contributors to cardiovascular events in patients with early renal failure.
Core tip: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic renal failure and even patients with moderate impairment of renal function have an increased risk to develop cardiovascular events. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors have a leading role in the pathophysiology of accelerated atherosclerosis of patients with renal failure, but emerging non-traditional factors might also be involved. Evidence of a possible contribution of lipoprotein(a) and prothrombotic state to cardiovascular outcomes of patients with early renal failure is discussed in this editorial.
