Mishra DD, Maurya PK, Tiwari S. Reference gene panel for urinary exosome-based molecular diagnostics in patients with kidney disease. World J Nephrol 2024; 13(3): 99105 [PMID: 39351186 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v13.i3.99105]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Swasti Tiwari, PhD, Professor, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Mawaiya, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India. tiwaris@sgpgi.ac.in
Research Domain of This Article
Medical Informatics
Article-Type of This Article
Basic Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Nephrol. Sep 25, 2024; 13(3): 99105 Published online Sep 25, 2024. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v13.i3.99105
Reference gene panel for urinary exosome-based molecular diagnostics in patients with kidney disease
Deendayal D Mishra, Pramod K Maurya, Swasti Tiwari
Deendayal D Mishra, Pramod K Maurya, Swasti Tiwari, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
Author contributions: Mishra DD performed the experiments, reviewed the literature, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript; Maurya PK performed the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript; Tiwari S designed the study, analyzed the data, and wrote and revised the manuscript; All the authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Supported bythe Indian Council of Medical Research, Coord/7 (1)/CAREKD/2018/NCD-II, No. 5/4/7-12/13/NCD-II; DDM was supported by a fellowship from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, No. 619/(CSIR-UGC NET DEC. 2018).
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Institutional Review Board [Ref No. 2021-194-PhD-EXP-41].
Informed consent statement: Participants were enrolled in the study after written informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: Data used in the manuscript is available from the corresponding author at Tiwaris@sgpgi.ac.in.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Swasti Tiwari, PhD, Professor, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Mawaiya, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India. tiwaris@sgpgi.ac.in
Received: July 13, 2024 Revised: August 27, 2024 Accepted: August 30, 2024 Published online: September 25, 2024 Processing time: 67 Days and 12.9 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Kidney disease is a severe complication of diabetes that often leads to end-stage renal disease. Early diagnosis is crucial for prevention or delay. However, the current diagnostic methods, with their limitations in detecting the disease in its early stages, underscore the urgency and importance of finding new solutions. miRNAs encapsulated inside urinary exosomes (UEs) have potential as early biomarkers for kidney diseases. The need for reference miRNAs for accurate interpretation currently limits their translational potential.
AIM
To identify consistently expressing reference miRNAs from UEs of controls and patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus (T2DM) and biopsy-confirmed kidney diseases.
METHODS
miRNA profiling was performed on UEs from 31 human urine samples using a rigorous and unbiased method. The UEs were isolated from urine samples collected from healthy individuals (n = 6), patients with T2DM (n = 13), and T2DM patients who also had kidney diseases (including diabetic nephropathy, n = 5; membranous nephropathy, n = 5; and IgA nephropathy, n = 2) through differential ultracentrifugation. After characterizing the UEs, miRNA expression profiling using microarray technology was conducted.
RESULTS
Microarray data analysis identified 14 miRNAs that were consistently expressed in UEs from 31 human samples, representing various kidney conditions: diabetic controls, diabetic nephropathy, membrane nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and healthy controls. Through in silico analysis, we determined that 10 of these miRNAs had significant potential to serve as reference genes in UEs.
CONCLUSION
We identified uniformly expressing UE miRNAs that could serve as reference genes kidney disease biomarkers.
Core Tip: Early prevention and detection of end-stage renal disease is currently inadequate. miRNAs found in urinary exosomes (UEs) may serve as early biomarkers for kidney diseases. However, the lack of reference miRNAs for normalization makes it difficult to interpret the data from UEs. In this study, we profiled the miRNAs in UEs from 31 human urine samples and identified a set of consistently expressed miRNAs that could be utilized as reference gene biomarkers for kidney disease.
