Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Nephrol. Sep 25, 2024; 13(3): 95739
Published online Sep 25, 2024. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v13.i3.95739
Quality of life and psychological distress in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis and transplantation
Emad A Shdaifat, Firas T Abu-Sneineh, Abdallah M Ibrahim
Emad A Shdaifat, Community Nursing Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 1982, Saudi Arabia
Firas T Abu-Sneineh, Abdallah M Ibrahim, Department of Fundamental Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 1982, Saudi Arabia
Author contributions: Shdaifat EA conceived and designed the study, conducted the research, provided research materials, and collected and organized the data; Shdaifat EA and Abu-Sneineh analyzed and interpreted the data; Shdaifat EA, Sudqi AM, and Abu-Sneineh FT wrote the initial and final drafts of the article; All authors critically reviewed and approved the final draft and were responsible for the content and similarity index of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study protocol priorities voluntary participant and non-compromised care, as approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IRB-2017-04-089).
Informed consent statement: Informed consent was obtained from all participants and data privacy was ensured. Data collection took place while waiting for dialysis or clinic appointments, adhering to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki for Human Ethics and the Consent to Participate. Measures were taken to minimize participant discomfort and ensure data confidentiality and security in accordance with the ethical guidelines.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, or publication of this article.
Data sharing statement: The data supporting the findings of this study are available upon request from the corresponding author.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: Https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Emad A Shdaifat, PhD, Academic Research, Assistant Professor, Community Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Ibn Abd Al Aziz, King Faysal University, Dammam 34212, Dammam 1982, Saudi Arabia. ealshdaifat@iau.edu.sa
Received: April 17, 2024
Revised: June 15, 2024
Accepted: July 15, 2024
Published online: September 25, 2024
Processing time: 154 Days and 22.8 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Among diverse profound impacts on patients’ quality of life (QoL), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) frequently results in increased levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Renal replacement therapies such as hemodialysis (HD) and transplantation (TX) are intended to enhance QoL, although their ability to alleviate psychological distress remains uncertain. This research posits the existence of a significant correlation between negative emotional states and QoL among ESRD patients, with varying effects observed in HD and TX patients.

AIM

To examine the relationship between QoL and negative emotional states (depression, anxiety, and stress) and predicted QoL in various end-stage renal replacement therapy patients with ESRD.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included HD or TX patients in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. The 36-item Short Form Survey and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was used for data collection, and correlation and regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS

The HD and TX transplantation groups showed statistically significant inverse relationships between QoL and DASS scores. HD patients with high anxiety levels and less education scored low on the physical component summary (PCS). In addition, the results of the mental component summary (MCS) were associated with reduced depression. Compared with older transplant patients, TX patients’ PCS scores were lower, and depression, stress, and negative working conditions were highly correlated with MCS scores.

CONCLUSION

The findings of this study revealed notable connections between well-being and mental turmoil experienced by individuals undergoing HD and TX. The PCS of HD patients is affected by heightened levels of anxiety and lower educational attainment, while the MCS of transplant patients is influenced by advancing age and elevated stress levels. These insights will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of patient support.

Keywords: Anxiety; Depression; End-stage renal disease; Hemodialysis; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Psychological distress; Quality of life; Renal replacement therapy outcomes; Saudi Arabia; Stress

Core Tip: This study examined the association between quality of life (QoL) and negative emotional states (depression, anxiety, and stress) in patients receiving end-stage renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis [HD] and transplantation [TX]) in Saudi Arabia. Using the 36-item Short Form Survey and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, we discovered significant inverse correlations between QoL and emotional distress. High anxiety and lower educational levels have a negative impact on the physical component of QoL in HD patients, while older age and elevated stress levels affect the mental component in patients with TX.