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©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy dysregulates proliferation and differentiation of human pre-adipocytes
Eyone Jones, Department of Surgery, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
Pavel Mazirka, Margaret A McNurlan, Giuseppe Caso, Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
Frank Darras, Department of Urology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
Marie C Gelato, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
Author contributions: Jones E contributed to data collection; McNurlan MA contributed to study design; Darras F recruited study subjects, collected surgical samples, and contributed to drafting the manuscript; Gelato MC contributed to overall study design; Caso G contributed to study design, performed the experiments; Jones E, Mazirka P, McNurlan MA and Caso G contributed to data analysis; Jones E, Mazirka P, McNurlan MA, Gelato MC and Caso G writing of the manuscript; Jones E, McNurlan MA, Gelato MC and Caso G contributed to data interpretation; all authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Stony Brook University Institutional Review Board. All specimens were acquired from patients after informed consent and ethical permission was obtained for participation in the study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Giuseppe Caso, MD, PhD, Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical Center, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States. giuseppe.caso@stonybrook.edu
Telephone: +1-631-4441790 Fax: +1-631-4448824
Received: January 28, 2017
Peer-review started: February 7, 2017
First decision: May 8, 2017
Revised: April 28, 2017
Accepted: June 6, 2017
Article in press: June 7, 2017
Published online: August 12, 2017
Processing time: 193 Days and 2.5 Hours
Peer-review started: February 7, 2017
First decision: May 8, 2017
Revised: April 28, 2017
Accepted: June 6, 2017
Article in press: June 7, 2017
Published online: August 12, 2017
Processing time: 193 Days and 2.5 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: We demonstrated an in vitro system for evaluating potential antiretroviral regimens for adipose tissue toxicity. In general, combination regimens resulted in greater preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation inhibition than single therapies. The drug combination of atazanavir + emtricitabine + tenofovir had inhibitory effects on preadipocytes and adding ritonavir at levels equivalent to clinical boosting, increased toxicity still further.