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©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Intrinsic host restriction factors of human cytomegalovirus replication and mechanisms of viral escape
Santo Landolfo, Marco De Andrea, Valentina Dell’Oste, Francesca Gugliesi, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Laboratory of Pathogenesis of Viral Infections, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
Author contributions: The authors made a substantial contribution to the conception and design of the study, data interpretation, and drafting and critically revising the manuscript; all authors approved the final version.
Supported by Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research - MIUR (PRIN 2012) to S. Landolfo (2012SNMJRL) and V. Dell’Oste (20127MFYBR) ; University of Turin, Research Funding 2014 to S. Landolfo, M. De Andrea, and V. Dell’Oste; Regione Piemonte to S. Landolfo (PAR-FCS 2007/2013) .
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Santo Landolfo, MD, PhD, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Laboratory of Pathogenesis of Viral Infections, University of Turin, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy. santo.landolfo@unito.it
Telephone: +39-011-6705636 Fax: +39-011-6705648
Received: March 18, 2016
Peer-review started: March 21, 2016
First decision: April 19, 2016
Revised: May 3, 2016
Accepted: July 11, 2016
Article in press: July 13, 2016
Published online: August 12, 2016
Processing time: 146 Days and 13.3 Hours
Peer-review started: March 21, 2016
First decision: April 19, 2016
Revised: May 3, 2016
Accepted: July 11, 2016
Article in press: July 13, 2016
Published online: August 12, 2016
Processing time: 146 Days and 13.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Cellular “restriction factors”, active before human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) enters the cells, form a component of the intrinsic resistance to virus infection. Examples of such factors are hDaxx, promyelocytic leukemia, Sp100 - components of ND10 - and IFN-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16), an Interferon-inducible protein of the Pyrin/HIN domain protein family. Over time, viruses have developed mechanisms to counteract ND10 and IFI16 through viral proteins, such as IE1 and pp71, or UL97 and pp65, respectively. Detailed knowledge of these mechanisms will provide new competencies useful to control HCMV infection and, in turn, contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.