Viral etiologies of acute liver failure

doi:10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.97973

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World Journal of Virology

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2220-3249

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Virol. Sep 25, 2024; 13(3): 97973
Published online Sep 25, 2024. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.97973

Viral etiologies of acute liver failure

Brian W McSteen, Xiao-Han Ying, Catherine Lucero, Arun B Jesudian

Brian W McSteen, Xiao-Han Ying, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Campus, New York, NY 10021, United States

Catherine Lucero, Arun B Jesudian, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, United States

Author contributions: McSteen BW performed the literature review and prepared the original draft of the article; All authors were involved in the conceptualization of this work; All authors contributed to the review and editing of the article.

Conflict-of-interest statement: Jesudian AB received consulting and speaking for Salix Pharmaceuticals, consulting for Dynavax Therapeutics, and speaking for Madrigal Pharmaceuticals. McSteen BW, Ying XH, and Lucero C have no financial conflicts to report.

Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Brian W McSteen, MD, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Campus, Weill Cornell Internal Medicine Associates 505 East 70^th Street, New York, NY 10021, United States. qqq9001@nyp.org

Received: June 14, 2024
Revised: August 7, 2024
Accepted: August 19, 2024
Published online: September 25, 2024
Processing time: 75 Days and 10.1 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare cause of liver-related mortality worldwide, with viral infections remaining a leading global cause. Healthcare providers should be aware of the broad range of viral etiologies that have been implicated to cause ALF given its heterogeneous presentations and high mortality rate. This review aims to provide a summary of known viral etiologies for ALF so that early diagnosis, rapid treatment initiation when possible, and optimal management including liver transplantation can be pursued. Further, this review intends to underscore the importance of further study and characterization of ALF to improve our care and understanding of this condition.