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World J Virol. Jun 25, 2024; 13(2): 93774
Published online Jun 25, 2024. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.93774
Driving forces of continuing evolution of rotaviruses
Mohamad Saifudin Hakim, Faris Muhammad Gazali, Suci Ardini Widyaningsih, Mohammad Khalid Parvez
Mohamad Saifudin Hakim, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GD, Netherlands
Mohamad Saifudin Hakim, Viral Infection Working Group, International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, London EC4R 9AN, United Kingdom
Faris Muhammad Gazali, Master Program in Biotechnology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
Suci Ardini Widyaningsih, Master of Medical Sciences in Clinical Investigation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
Mohammad Khalid Parvez, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
Author contributions: Hakim MS, Gazali FM and Widyaningsih SA performed literature search, majority of the data acquisition, writing the original draft, and constructed figures; Hakim MS and Parvez MK analyzed the data, wrote the final draft, provided important intellectual inputs and and revised the manuscript; all authors have read and approved the final version to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Mohammad Khalid Parvez, PhD, Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Building 23, Room 35-2B, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. mohkhalid@ksu.edu.sa
Received: March 5, 2024
Revised: May 6, 2024
Accepted: May 17, 2024
Published online: June 25, 2024
Processing time: 111 Days and 1.9 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Recurrent outbreaks of human pathogenic viruses resulting in epidemics or pandemics are due to their ability to rapidly evolve and adapt as compared to the other microbial pathogens. Rotaviruses are segmented, dsRNA viruses that mainly cause acute gastroenteritis in children (< 5 years). Rotavirus evolution, especially a dynamic replacement of circulating rotavirus A from one strain into another, has been observed globally. In this review, we discuss the driving factors of rotavirus evolution, including vaccines and host-immune responses, towards improving our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of its emerging strains as a foundation for developing effective preventive and therapeutic measures.