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©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Virol. Jun 25, 2024; 13(2): 89985
Published online Jun 25, 2024. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.89985
Published online Jun 25, 2024. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.89985
Long chikungunya? An overview to immunopathology of persistent arthralgia
Jayme Euclydes Picasky Silveira-Freitas, Maria Luiza Campagnolo, Mariana dos Santos Cortez, Ana Carla Zarpelon-Schutz, Kádima Nayara Teixeira, Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Toledo, Paraná 85919-899, Brazil
Fabrício Freire de Melo, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
Ana Carla Zarpelon-Schutz, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná-Setor Palotina, Paraná 85950-000, Brazil
Kádima Nayara Teixeira, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná-Setor Palotina, Paraná 85950-000, Brazil
Author contributions: Silveira-Freitas JEP, Campagnolo ML, dos Santos Cortez M collected the data and wrote the manuscript; Melo FF performed the critical analysis of the manuscript; Zarpelon-Schutz AC and Teixeira KN performed the critical analysis, corrected the manuscript and coordinated the study. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Kádima Nayara Teixeira, PhD, Professor, Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná-, Max Planck 3796, Toledo, Paraná 85919-899, Brazil.
Received: November 20, 2023
Revised: February 9, 2024
Accepted: April 12, 2024
Published online: June 25, 2024
Processing time: 216 Days and 19.8 Hours
Revised: February 9, 2024
Accepted: April 12, 2024
Published online: June 25, 2024
Processing time: 216 Days and 19.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core ip: This review of Chikungunya fever focuses on one of the most prevalent and important symptoms of the disease-arthralgia. The authors propose an approach to explain the persistence of arthralgia for a long time after the resolution of the infection, based on the sustained inflammatory response, mainly by macrophages and T helper type 17 cells. Additionally, it is suggested that, given the context, persistent arthralgia is a sequel of CF and could therefore be termed "long Chikun-gunya".